Seismic Performance of Different Masonry Buildings: Full-Scale Experimental Study
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 30, Issue 5
Abstract
Full-scale single-room masonry buildings of different typology, i.e., unreinforced (URM), reinforced (RM) and Confined Masonry (CM) were tested under cyclic loading in quasi-static manner to study the seismic performance. All the indigenously built building typologies were in plan and 3.0 m in height, having exactly similar material, geometry, and construction practices. Among six tests conducted, three were on original masonry system and remaining three models were URM-repaired (URM_REP), URM-retrofitted (URM_RET) and RM-retrofitted (RM_RET), with same initial features. The observations made and the test data collected were for different damage grades and displacement capacity. The present paper focuses on the analysis of experimental results in terms of lateral load capacity, stiffness degradation, displacement ductility capacity, behavior factors and energy dissipation capacities. The failure modes observed were: sliding of brick at mortar-unit interface; discrete shear cracks in masonry walls, crushing of masonry units and bending of reinforcement in tie columns. Out of the tested specimens, CM building exhibited large initial stiffness, along with higher strength, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, behavior factor and low level of structural damage. Consequent on significant cracks, CM building showed uniform stiffness reduction, while URM structure exhibited rapid stiffness degradation with minimal increase in lateral deformation.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The work is conducted as a part of research program at Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Building Research Institute (CSIR-CBRI), Roorkee, India, partially funded by Department of Science & Technology, government of India, New Delhi. As regard to instrumentation of buildings, the contribution of the technical staff of CSIR-CBRI is gratefully acknowledged. The author thanks to the reviewers of this paper for their precious suggestions.
References
Agrawal, S. K., Chourasia, A., and Parashar, J. (2007). “Performance evaluation of seismic resisting and retrofitting measures for full-scale brick masonry building under earthquake loads.” J. Struct. Eng., 34(1), 56–62.
Aguilar, G., Meli, R., Diaz, R., and Vazquez-Del-Mercado, R. (1996). “Influence of horizontal reinforcement on the behaviour of confined masonry walls.” Proc., 11th Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Elsevier, Philadelphia.
Alcocer, S. M., Arias, J. G., and Vázquez, A. (2004). “Response assessment of Mexican confined masonry structures through shaking table test.” Proc., 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
ASTM. (2001a). “Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars.” ASTM C109/C109M-99, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2001b). “Standard test method for compressive strength of masonry prisms.” ASTM C1314-00a, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2001c). “Standard test method for sampling and testing brick and structural clay tile.” ASTM C67-00a, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2009). “Standard test methods for cyclic (reversed) load test for shear resistance of vertical elements of the lateral force resisting systems for buildings.” ASTM 2126, West Conshohocken, PA.
Augenti, N., Parisi, F., Prota, A., and Manfredi, G. (2011). “In-plane lateral response of a full-scale masonry sub-assemblage with and without an inorganic matrix-grid strengthening system.” J. Compos. Constr., 578–590.
Bartolome, S. A., Quiun, D., and Torrealva, D. (1992). “Seismic behaviour of a three-story half scale confined masonry structure.” Proc., 10th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Madrid, Spain.
Bureau of Indian Standards. (1992). “Methods of testing of burnt clay building bricks.” IS 3495, New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards. (1993). “Criteria of practice for earthquake resistant design and construction of buildings.” IS 4326, New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards. (2000). “Plain and reinforced concrete-Code of practice.” IS 456, New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards. (2008). “High strength deformed steel bars and wires for concrete reinforcement specification.” IS 1786, New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards. (2013). “Criteria of practice for earthquake resistant design and construction of buildings.” IS 4326, New Delhi, India.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). (2004). “Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance. Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings.”, Brussels, Belgium.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). (2005). “Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures. Part 1-1: General rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry structures.”, Brussels, Belgium.
Chourasia, A., Bhattacharyya, S. K., Bhandari, N. M., and Bhargava, P. (2014). “Seismic performance of full-scale brick masonry buildings.” Proc. 9th Int. Masonry Conf., Univ. of Minho, Guiemaraes, Portugal.
Chourasia, A., Bhattacharyya, S. K., Bhargava, P. K., and Bhandari, N. M. (2013). “Influential aspects on seismic performance of confined masonry construction.” Nat. Sci., 5(8A1), 56–62.
El-Dakhakhni, W. W., Banting, B., and Miller, S. C. (2013), “Seismic performance parameters quantification of shear-critical reinforced concrete masonry squat walls.” J. Struct. Eng., 957–973.
Gouveia, J. P., and Lourenco, P. B. (2007). “Masonry shear walls subjected to cyclic loading: Influence of confinement and horizontal reinforcement.” Proc., 10th North American Masonry Conf., Masonry Society, Boulder, CO, 2094–2102.
Kazemi, M. T., Hoseinzadeh, M., Bakhshi, A., and Rahimzadesh Roofooei, F. (2010). “Shaking table study of a full-scale single storey confined brick masonry building.” J. Arch. SID, 17(3), 184–193.
Marinilli, A., and Castilla, E. (2004). “Experimental evaluation of confined masonry walls with several confining-columns.” 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Meli, R. (1973). “Behaviour of masonry walls under lateral loads.” Proc., 5th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, International Association for Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo.
Priestley, M. J. N., and Bridgeman, D. O. (1974). “Seismic resistance of brick masonry walls.” Bull. New Zeal. Natl. Soc. Earthquake Eng., 7(4), 167–187.
Priestley, M. J. N., Calvi, G. M., and Kowalsky, M. J. (2007). Displacement-based seismic design of structures, IUSS Press, Pavia, Italy.
Scaletti, H., Chariarse, V., Cuadras, C., Cuadros, G., and Tsugawa, T. (1992). “Pseudo dynamic tests of confined masonry buildings.” Proc., 10th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Madrid, Spain.
Tomazevic, M. (1997). “Seismic design of masonry structures.” Struct. Eng. Mater., 1(1), 88–95.
Tomazevic, M., Bosiljkov, V., and Lutman, M. (2005). “Robustness of hollow clay masonry units and seismic behaviour of masonry walls.” J. Constr. Build. Mater., 20(10), 1028–1039.
Tomazevic, M., and Gams, M. (2011). “Shaking table study and modelling of seismic behaviour of confined AAC masonry buildings.” Bull. Earthquake Eng., 10(3), 863–893.
Tomazevic, M., and Klemenc, I. (1997a). “Seismic behaviour of confined masonry walls.” J. Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 26(10), 1059–1071.
Tomazevic, M., and Klemenc, I. (1997b). “Verification of seismic resistance of confined masonry buildings.” J. Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 26(10), 1077–1088.
Tomazevic, M., and Lutman, M. (1988). “Seismic resistance of reinforced masonry walls.” Proc., 9th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Japan Association for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, Vol. 6, International Association for Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo, 97–102.
Tomazevic, M., Lutman, M., and Petkovic, L. (1996). “Seismic behaviour of masonry walls: Experimental simulation.” J. Struct. Eng., 1040–1047.
Tomaževic, M., Bosiljkov, V., and Weiss, P. (2004). “Structural behaviour factor for masonry structures.” 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, International Association for Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo.
Wijaya, W., Kusumastuti, D., Suarjana, M., Rildova, and Pribadi, K. (2011). “Experimental study on wall-frame connection of confined masonry wall.” Procedia Eng., 14, 2094–2102.
Yanez, F., Astroza, M., Holmberg, A., and Ogaz, O. (2004). “Behaviour of confined masonry shear walls with large openings.” Proc., 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, International Association for Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo.
Yoshimura, K., et al. (2003). “Experimental study on reinforcing methods for confined masonry walls subjected to seismic forces.” Proc., 9th North American Masonry Conf., Masonry Society, Boulder, CO.
Yoshimura, K., et al. (2004). “Experimental study for developing higher seismic performance of brick masonry walls.” Proc., 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, International Association for Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo.
Yoshimura, K., Kikuchi, K., Kuroki, M., Liu, L., and Ma, L. (2000). “Effect of wall reinforcement, applied lateral forces and vertical axial loads on seismic behavior of confined concrete masonry walls.” 12th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, New Zealand.
Yoshimura, K., Kikuchi, K., Okamoto, T., and Sanchez, T. (1996). “Effect of vertical and horizontal wall reinforcement on seismic behaviour of confined masonry walls.” Proc., 11th Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, International Association for Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo.
Zabala, F., Bustos, J. L., Masanet, A., and Santalucia, J. (2004). “Experimental behaviour of masonry structural walls used in Argentina.” Proc., 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, International Association for Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 30 • Issue 5 • October 2016
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 28, 2014
Accepted: Oct 1, 2015
Published online: Jan 13, 2016
Discussion open until: Jun 13, 2016
Published in print: Oct 1, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.