Failure Analysis and Damage Assessment of RC Columns under Close-In Explosions
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 29, Issue 5
Abstract
Blast loads acting on structural components under close-in explosions are nonuniform; therefore, the damage to structural members under such blast loads is local and the failure mechanism is more complex as compared with that of distance explosions. Because of the lack of an accurate blast load model, a precise damage analysis method, an efficient damage assessment method, and practical protective measures, the blast-resistant design of structural members under close-in explosions faces great challenges. In this paper, a fluid-solid coupling numerical method is proposed and then used to investigate the failure mechanism of reinforced concrete (RC) columns under close-in explosions. The results show that local failure, such as crushing, cratering, and spall of concrete, is more likely to happen when the RC column is subjected to close-in blast loads. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the influences of column dimensions and the reinforcement ratio on the damage degree of RC columns. Based on the numerical results, a rapid damage assessment method is also proposed and validated in this paper. The results show that the proposed method can efficiently evaluate the damage degree of RC columns and can be used in the blast-resistant design of RC columns to protect against close-in explosions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of this research by the China National Nature Science Foundation (grant numbers 51378347 and 51238007), Tianjin Nature Science Foundation (grant number 12JCQNJC04800), and the Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Mitigation of Explosion & Impact (PLA University of Science and Technology) (grant number DPMEIKF201302).
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2011). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary.” ACI 318-11, Farmington Hills, MI.
Aquelet, N., and Souli, M. (2008). “2D to 3D ALE mapping.” Proc., 10th Int. LS-DYNA Users Conf, Livermore Software Technology Corporation (LSTC), Livermore, CA.
ASCE. (2011). “Blast protection of buildings.”, Reston, VA.
AUTODYN [Computer software]. Canonsburg, PA, Century Dynamics.
Bischoff, P. H., and Perry, S. H. (1991). “Compressive behavior of concrete at high strain rate.” Mater. Struct., 24(6), 425–450.
Bogosian, D. D., and Heidenreich, A. N. (2012). “An evaluation of engineering methods for predicting close-in air blast.” Structures Congress, ASCE, Reston, VA.
CEB (Comité Euro-International du Beton). (1990). “Concrete structures under impact and impulsive loading.”, Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Cormie, D., Wilkinson, W. P., Shin, J., and Whittaker, A. S. (2013a). “Modeling close-in detonations in the near-field.” Proc., 15th Int. Symp. on Interaction of the Effect of Munitions with Structures (CD-ROM), Federal Office of Bundeswehr Infrastructure, Environmental Protection and Services, Bonn, Germany.
Cormie, D., Wilkinson, W. P., Shin, J., and Whittaker, A. S. (2013b). “Scaled-distance relationships for close-in detonations.” Proc., 15th Int. Symp. on Interaction of the Effect of Munitions with Structures (CD-ROM), Federal Office of Bundeswehr Infrastructure, Environmental Protection and Services, Bonn, Germany.
Enstock, L. K., and Smith, P. D. (2007). “Measurement of impulse from the close-in explosion of doped charges using a pendulum.” Int. J. Impact Eng., 34(3), 487–494.
Foglar, M., and Kovar, M. (2013). “Conclusions from experimental testing of blast resistance of FRC and RC bridge decks.” Int. J. Impact Eng., 59, 18–28.
Gel’fandetal, B., Voskoboinikov, I., and Khomik, S. (2004). “Recording the position of a blast-wave front in air.” Combust. Explosion Shock Waves, 40(6), 734–736.
Gong, S., Xia, Q., and Jin, W. (2011). “Investigation on damage mechanism of RC column under close-in explosion.” J. Zhejiang Univ. Eng. Sci., 45(8), 1405–1410.
Li, J., and Hao, H. (2014). “Numerical study of concrete spall damage to blast loads.” Int. J. Impact Eng., 68, 41–55.
LS-DYNA version ls971 s R5.1.1 [Computer software]. Livermore Software Technology Corporation, Livermore, CA.
Ma, X. Q. (1992). “Impact dynamics.” Beijing Institute of Technology Press, Beijing.
Malvar, L. J. (1998). “Review of static and dynamic properties of steel reinforcing bars.” ACI Mater. J., 95(5), 609–616.
Malvar, L. J., and Ross, C. A. (1998). “Review of strain rate effects for concrete in tension.” ACI Mater. J., 95(6),735–739.
Rabczuk, T., and Eibl, J. (2006). “Modelling dynamics failure of concrete with meshfree methods.” Int. J. Impact Eng., 32(11), 1878–1897.
Rose, T. A. (2006). A computational tool for air blast calculations—Air3d version 9 user’s guide, Engineering Systems Dept., Cranfield Univ., Shrivenham, U.K.
Shi, Y., Hao, H., and Li, Z.-X. (2008). “Numerical derivation of pressure-impulse diagrams for prediction of RC column damage to blast loads.” Int. J. Impact Eng., 35(11), 1213–1227.
Shi, Y., Li, Z.-X., and Hao, H. (2010). “A new method for progressive collapse analysis of RC frames under blast loading.” Eng. Struct., 32(6), 1691–1703.
Tasdemirci, A., and Hall, I. W. (2007). “Numerical and experimental studies of damage generation in multi-layer composite materials at high strain rates.” Int. J. Impact Eng., 34(2), 189–204.
UFC (United Facilities Criteria). (2008). “Structures to resist the effects of accidental explosions.”, U.S. Dept. of Defense, Washington, DC.
Wang, W., et al. (2012). “Experimental study on scaling the explosion resistance of a one-way square reinforced concrete slab under a close-in blast loading.” Int. J. Impact Eng., 49, 158–164.
Wang, Z. L., Konietzky, H., and Huang, R. Y. (2009). “Elastic-plastic-hydrodynamic analysis of crater basting in steel fiber reinforced concrete.” Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech., 52(2), 111–116.
Xu, K., and Lu, Y. (2006). “Numerical simulation study of spallation in reinforced concrete plates subjected to blast loading.” Comput. Struct., 84(5), 431–438.
Zhang, D., et al. (2013). “Experimental study on scaling of RC beams under close-in blast loading.” Eng. Fail. Anal., 33, 497–504.
Zhou, X. Q., et al. (2008). “Numerical prediction of concrete slab response to blast loading.” Int. J. Impact Eng., 35(10), 1186–1200.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 29 • Issue 5 • October 2015
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 24, 2014
Accepted: Feb 18, 2015
Published online: Apr 8, 2015
Discussion open until: Sep 8, 2015
Published in print: Oct 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.