Deterioration Trends and Structural Performances of Bridge Materials Using Deck Areas
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 29, Issue 6
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the analysis of the deterioration trends of the various kinds of bridge-construction materials and/or structural designs. The analysis considers bridge-deck areas, rather than discrete counts, to reveal more relevantly the actual constructed capacity that serves traffic mobility and the extent of necessary resources. The study uses the entire database of the U.S. National Bridge Inventory and derives bridge areas by material. The analysis examines material-deterioration aspects of bridge areas at the serviceability limit states. The distinct trends in the accumulation of structural deficiency versus service life of materials provide measures of their deterioration. To determine the operational structural performances based on the deterioration trends, the study uses the criteria of rate and pattern performances. The overall equivalent structural performance considers a multiple-criteria diagnostic approach integrating the rate and pattern with the condition, durability, and longevity performances. The results provide the most comprehensive national network–level comparative experience of the operational structural performances of bridge materials by areas under the actual circumstances. Analysis of the deterioration trends provides an indication of the typical structural deficiency versus service life expected of bridge materials and helps identify critical accumulation of material deterioration by age for focused improvement efforts. The deterioration trends decrease the equivalent structural performances of most bridge materials by approximately 10%. Overall, the equivalent structural performances of bridge materials by areas are slightly lower than by counts. The maximum average accumulation of structural deficiency of all bridge areas is approximately 20% lower than by counts. The average increase of structural deficiency is 0.42% per year, adding to the already existing 9.38% and constituting an average annual increase of structurally deficient bridge areas by 4.48%. The results provide a more objective indication and comparison of structural performance, help forecast future performance, and improve sustainability of bridge materials.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
AASHTO. (1994). Manual for condition evaluation of bridges, 2nd Ed., Washington, DC.
AASHTO. (2003). Guide manual for condition evaluation and load and resistance factor rating (LRFR) of highway bridges, Washington, DC.
AASHTO. (2007). “Meeting the needs of America’s bridges.”, Washington, DC.
AASHTO. (2012). LRFD bridge design specifications, 6th Ed., Washington, DC.
Aktan, A. E., Dalal, V., Farhey, D. N., and Hunt, V. J. (1995). “Bridge reliability evaluation in the 21st century.” Proc., Research Transformed into Practice—Implementation of NSF Research, J. Colville and A. M. Amde, eds., ASCE, Reston, VA, 493–505.
Aktan, A. E., Farhey, D. N., Brown, D. L., Dalal, V., Helmicki, A. J., Hunt, V. J., and Shelley, S. J. (1996). “Condition assessment for bridge management.” J. Infrastruct. Syst., 108–117.
Alampalli, S., and Washer G. A., eds. (2002). Proc., Structural Materials Technology V—An NDT Conf., American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Columbus, OH.
Ben-Akiva, M., Humplick, F., Madanat, S., and Ramaswamy, R. (1993). “Infrastructure management under uncertainty: Latent performance approach.” J. Transp. Eng., 43–58.
Darbani, B. M., and Hammad, A. (2007). “Critical review of new directions in bridge management systems.” Proc., ASCE Int. Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering, L. Soibelman and B. Akinci, eds., ASCE, Reston, VA, 330–337.
Ellingwood, B. R. (2005). “Risk-informed condition assessment of civil infrastructure: State of practice and research issues.” Structure and infrastructure engineering—Maintenance, Vol. 1, Taylor & Francis, New York, 7–18.
Farhey, D. N. (2010). “Performance of bridge materials by structural deficiency analysis.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 345–352.
Farhey, D. N. (2012). “Operational structural performances of bridge materials by areas.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 453–461.
Farhey, D. N. (2014). “Operational structural performances of bridge materials by deterioration trends.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 168–177.
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (1995). “Recording and coding guide for the structure inventory and appraisal of the nation’s bridges.”, Washington, DC.
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2000). “Our nation’s highways—2000.”, Office of Highway Policy Information (OHPI), Washington, DC.
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2003). “Status of the nation’s highways, bridges, and transit: 2002 conditions and performance report.” 〈http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/nbi.htm〉 (Feb. 10, 2005).
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2007). “National bridge inventory (NBI).” 〈http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/nbi.htm〉 (May 23, 2007).
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2011a). “LTBP: Long-term bridge performance program.” 〈http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/research/tfhrc/programs/infrastructure/structures/ltbp/〉 (Jun. 28, 2011).
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2011b). “Advancing steel and concrete bridge technology to improve infrastructure performance.” DTFH61-11-RA-00010, 〈http://www.grants.gov/search/search.do?mode=VIEW&oppId=95953〉 (May 20, 2011).
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2012). “Achieving the bridges of tomorrow: The long-term bridge performance program.” Focus, accelerating infrastructure innovations, Rep. No. FHWA-HRT-12-017, 〈http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/focus/12sep/12sep03.cfm〉 (Sept. 12, 2012).
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2013a). “Transportation performance management.” 〈http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tpm/〉 (Aug. 21, 2013).
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2013b). “FHWA performance reporting—Part one of two—Final report.” Rep. No. FHWA-HIF-13-043, 〈http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tpm/resources/docs/hif13043.pdf〉 (Aug. 21, 2013).
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2013c). “FHWA Performance Reporting—Part two of two—Final Report.” Rep. No. FHWA-HIF-13-044, 〈http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tpm/resources/docs/hif13044.pdf〉 (Aug. 21, 2013).
Frangopol, D. M., Kong, J. S., and Gharaibeh, E. S. (2001). “Reliability-based lifecycle management of highway bridges.” J. Comput. Civ. Eng., 27–34.
Frangopol, D. M., Strauss, A., and Kim, S. (2008). “Bridge reliability assessment based on monitoring.” J. Bridge Eng., 258–270.
Furuta, H., Kameda, T., and Frangopol, D. M. (2004). “Balance of structural performance measures.” Proc., 2004 Structures Congress—Building on the Past: Securing the Future, G. E. Blandford, ed., ASCE, Reston, VA, 19–23.
Ghasemi, H., Penrod, J., and Hooks, J. M. (2009). “Developing advanced methods of assessing bridge performance.” Public Roads, FHWA, Vol. 73, 〈〉 (Jun. 13, 2011).
Hooks, J. M. (2011). “FHWA Long-term bridge performance program.” Aspire, The Concrete Bridge Magazine, Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI), Chicago, 〈http://aspirebridge.com/resources/ASPIRE_3000_Word_LTBP_Article_PUBLISH.pdf〉 (Jan. 24, 2013).
Kong, J. S., and Frangopol, D. M. (2003). “System reliability modeling in bridge management.” Proc., 9th Int. Bridge Management Conf., IBMC03, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 361–372.
Levine, D. M., Ramsey, P. P., and Smidt, R. K. (2001). Applied statistics for engineers and scientists, Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Liu, M., Frangopol, D. M., and Kim, S. (2009). “Bridge system performance assessment from structural health monitoring: A case study.” J. Struct. Eng., 733–742.
Mishalani, R. G., and Koutsopoulos, H. N. (1995). “Uniform infrastructure fields: Definition and identification.” J. Infrastruct. Syst., 44–55.
Moon, F. L., Laning, J., Lowdermilk, D. S., Chase, S., Hooks, J., and Aktan, A. E. (2009). “A pragmatic risk-based approach to prioritizing bridges.” Proc., SPIE—Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security, H. F. Wu, A. A. Diaz, P. J. Shull, and D. W. Vogel, eds., SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 7294.
Preparata, F. P., and Shamos, M. I. (1985). Computational geometry, Springer, New York.
Saito, M., ed. (1997). Proc., Infrastructure Condition Assessment: Art, Science, and Practice, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Sanford, K. L., Herabat, P., and McNeil, S. (1999). “Bridge management and inspection data: Leveraging the data and identifying the gaps.” Proc., 8th Int. Bridge Management Conf., Vol. 1, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Stewart, M. G. (2001). “Reliability-based assessment of ageing bridges using risk ranking and life cycle cost decision analyses.” Reliability engineering and system safety, Vol. 74, No. 3, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 263–273.
Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP2). (2013). “Design guide for bridges for service life.” Prepublication Draft, Renewal Project R19A, Transportation Research Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 〈http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/shrp2/SHRP2prepubR19AGuide.pdf〉 (Aug. 21, 2013).
Sweet, S. A., and Grace-Martin, K. A. (2012). Data analysis with SPSS: A first course in applied statistics, 4th Ed., Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Weidner, J., Prader, J., Dubbs, N., Moon, F., and Aktan, A. E. (2009). “Structural identification of bridges to assess safety and performance.” Proc., Structures Congress, L. Griffis, T. Helwig, M. Waggoner, and M. Hoit, eds., Vol. 341, No. 13, ASCE, Reston, VA, 119–124.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 20, 2013
Accepted: Jun 3, 2014
Published online: Sep 19, 2014
Discussion open until: Feb 19, 2015
Published in print: Dec 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.