Enhanced Modeling of Steel Structures for Progressive Collapse Analysis Using the Applied Element Method
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 26, Issue 6
Abstract
This paper studies performing progressive collapse analysis for steel structures using the requirements of recent codes released by the U.S. Department of Defense and the General Services Administration. Based on a review of the code requirements, the nonlinear dynamic progressive collapse analysis resulted in a more uniform factor of safety than the linear static analysis. The applied element method in the structural analysis is proposed as an efficient alternative for performing progressive collapse analysis. A case study is undertaken where the results of the progressive collapse analysis using traditional finite-element-method simplifications are compared with the results from the applied element method in the analysis of a moment-resisting steel frame. The case study shows that simplifications that are usually done in finite-element analysis when studying traditional load cases can be overconservative when performing progressive collapse analysis. The results show that the use of the nonlinear dynamic applied element method, while taking into account the effect of secondary members such as slabs and secondary beams, can lead to considerable savings in the total weight of the steel frame.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The author would like to acknowledge the support of Applied Science International, LLC, in providing access to the Extreme Loading for Structures software and in providing training regarding the use of the software through its technical support team.
References
ASCE. (2007). “Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings.” ASCE/SEI 41-06, Reston, VA.
Galal, K., and El-Sawy, T. (2010). “Effect of retrofit strategies on mitigating progressive collapse of steel frame structures.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 66(4), 520–531.
General Services Administration (GSA). (2003). Progressive collapse analysis and design guidelines for new federal office buildings andmajor modernization projects, GSA, Washington, DC.
International Code Council (ICC). (2006). International building code, ICC, Washington, DC.
Lupoae M., and Bucur C., (2009). “Use of applied element method to simulate the collapse of a building.” Proc., Annual Symp. of the Institute of Solid Mechanics (SISOM) and Session of the Commission of Acoustics, Institute of Solid Mechanics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.
Maekawa, K., and Okamura, H. (1983). “The deformational behavior and constitutive equation of concrete using the elasto-plastic and fracture model.” J. Fac. Eng., Univ. Tokyo B, 37(2), 253–328.
Marchand, K., McKay, A., and Stevens, D. J. (2009). “Development and application of linear and nonlinear static approaches in UFC 4-023-03.” Proc., Structures Congress, ASCE, Reston, VA.
McKay, A., Marchand, K., Williamson, E., Crowder, B., and Stevens, D. (2007). “Dynamic and nonlinear load increase factors for collapse design and analysis.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Interaction of the Effects of Munitions with Structures (ISIEMS), Orlando, FL.
Meguro, K., and Tagel-Din, H. (2001). “Applied element simulation of RC structures under cyclic loading.” J. Struct. Eng., 127(11), 1295–1305.
Meguro, K., and Tagel-Din, H. (2002). “AEM used for large displacement structure analysis.” J. Nat. Disaster Sci., 24(1), 25–34.
Ristic, D., Yamada, Y., and Iemura, H. (1986). “Stress-strain based modeling of hysteretic structures under earthquake induced bending and varying axial loads.” Research Rep. No. 86-ST-01, School of Civil Engineering, Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, Japan.
Sasani, M. (2008). “Response of a reinforced concrete infilled-frame structure to removal of two adjacent columns.” Eng. Struct., 30(9), 2478–2491.
Stevens, D., Crowder, B., Hall, B., and Marchand, K. (2008). “Unified progressive collapse design requirements for DOD and GSA.” Proc., Structures Congress on Crossing Borders, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Tagel-Din, H., and Meguro, K. (2000). “Applied element method for simulation of nonlinear materials: Theory and application for RC structures.” Structural Eng./Earthquake Eng., J. Japan Soc. Civ. Eng., 17(2), 215–224.
Unified Facilities Criteria-Department of Defense (UFC-DoD). (2010). “Design of buildings to resist progressive collapse.” UFC 4-023-03, Washington, DC.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 26 • Issue 6 • December 2012
Pages: 766 - 779
Copyright
© 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 30, 2010
Accepted: Aug 1, 2011
Published online: Aug 3, 2011
Published in print: Dec 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.