Prediction of Pavement Concrete Strength Development, Joint Sawing, and Opening Time Using FEMLAB
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 26, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper describes a new model using Finite Element Modeling Laboratory (FEMLAB). The model can be used to predict pavement strength development and consequently the pavement joint-sawing and opening times. The strength prediction was based on the temperature history of the concrete pavement, which was determined by the rate of heat generation and the heat exchange between the pavement and the environment. Pavement joint-sawing and opening times were defined as the times when concrete strength reached 4.3 and 24.1 MPa (megapascals), respectively. Using this model, the effects of weather conditions, fly ash and slag replacement, concrete placement time and temperature, and pavement thickness on concrete strength, joint-sawing time, and pavement opening time were evaluated. Results showed that weather conditions and the use of fly ash and slag had a significant effect on strength development, joint-sawing time, and pavement opening time. Based on the prediction, this model can be used to optimize the concrete mix design to select the appropriate concrete placement temperature and paving time for the optimal concrete construction and strength development under certain environmental condition.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the National Concrete Pavement Technology Center (CP Tech Center), Iowa State Univ., for its support of the study. Special thanks are given to Dr. James Cable for his support of the FEMLAB computer program. The Analysis and Research laboratory at Iowa State Univ. is also greatly appreciated.
References
Andersen, P. J., Andersen, M. E., and Whiting, D. (1992). “A guide to evaluating thermal Effects in concrete pavements.” Rep. No. SHRP-C-321, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
Carino, N. J. (1991). The maturity methods, CRC handbook on nondestructive testing of concrete, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
De Schutter, G., and Taerwe, L. (1995). “General hydration model for portland cement and blast furnace slag cement.” Cem. Concr. Res., 25(3), 593–604.CCNRAI
Ge, Z. (2005). “Predicting temperature and strength development of the field concrete.” Ph.D. dissertation, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA.
Ge, Z., and Wang, K. J. (2008). “Predicting field concrete temperature using an integrated model.” Proc. of Int. Conf. on Microstructure Related Durability of Cementitious Composites, International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures (RILEM), Bagneux, France, 1125–1138.
Ge, Z., and Wang, K. J. (2009). “Modified heat of hydration and strength models for concrete containing fly ash and slag.” Comput. Concr., 6(1), 19–40.
Hankins, K., Suh, Y. C., and McCullough, B. F. (1991). “Field evaluation of coarse aggregate types: Criteria for test sections.” Research Rep. 422/1244-1, Center for Transportation Research, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX.
Hansen, P. F., Hansen, J., Hougaard, K. V., and Pedersen, E. J. (1982). “Thermal properties of hardening cement paste.” Proc. of RILEM Int. Conf. on Concrete at Early Ages, International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures (RILEM), Bagneux, France, 23–26.
Holman, J. P. (1990). Introduction, Heat Transfer, 7th Ed., McGraw Hill, New York.
JMP 6.0.0. [Computer software]. Cary, NC SAS Institute.
Khan, A. A., Cook, W. D., and Mitchell, D. (1998). “Thermal properties and transient thermal analysis of structural members during hydration.” ACI Mater. J., 95(3), 293–302.AMAJEF
Kim, K. H., Jeon, S. E., Kim, J. K., and Yang, S. (2003). “An experimental study on thermal conductivity of concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 33(3), 363–371.CCNRAI
McCullough, B. F., and Rasmussen, R. O. (1999). “Fast track paving: Concrete temperature control and traffic opening criteria for bonded concrete overlays, Task, G, Vol 1: Final Report,” FHWA-RD-98-167, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Washington, DC.
McCullough, B. F., Zollinger, D., and Dossey, T. (1998). “Evaluation of the performance of Texas pavements made with different coarse aggregates.” Research Rep. 3925-1F, Center for Transportation Research, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX.
Mindess, S., Young, J. F., and Darwin, D. (2003). “Mineral admixtures and blended cements.” Chapter 5, Concrete, 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 93–114.
Mohsen, J. P., Roach, B. L., and Kessinger, D. T. (2004). “Maturity method applied to highway construction.” Transportation Research Records, 1900(1), 79–85TRREDM.
Okamoto, P. A., et al. (1994). “Guidelines for timing contraction joint sawing and earliest loading for concrete pavements, volume I: Final report.” Rearch Rep. FHWA-RD-91-079, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
Portland Cement Association (PCA). (2009). “Highways.” 〈http://www.cement.org/pavements/pv_cp_highways.asp〉. (Feb. 24, 2009).
Reinhardt, H. W., Blaauwendraad, J., and Jongedijk, J. (1982). “Temperature development in concrete structures taking account of state dependent properties.” Proc. of RILEM Int. Conf. on Concrete at Early Ages, International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures (RILEM), Bagneux, France, 211–218.
Ruiz, J. M., Schindler, A. K., Rasmussen, R. O., Kim, P. J., and Chang, G. K. (2001). “Concrete temperature modeling and strength prediction using maturity concepts in the FHWA HIPERPAV software.” Proc. of the 7th Int. Conf. on Concrete Pavements, Int. Society for Concrete Pavements, Orlando, FL, 97–111.
Scanlon, J. M., and McDonald, J. E. (1994). “Thermal properties.” Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials, Klieger, P. and Lamond, J. F., eds., Report No. ASTM STP 169C, American Soc. for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 229–239.
Schindler, A. K., and Folliard, K. J. (2005). “Heat of hydration models for cementitious materials.” ACI Mater. J., 102(1), 24–33.AMAJEF
Their, T. (2005). “Examining the time and depth of saw-cutting guidelines for concrete pavements.” Master thesis, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN.
van Breugel, K. (1991). “Simulation of hydration and formation of structure in hardening cement-based materials.” Ph.D. thesis, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
Williams, G. P., and Gold, L. W. (1976). “Ground temperatures.” Canadian Building Digest-180, National Res. Council Canada, Ottawa, OntarioCABDB5.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 26 • Issue 2 • April 2012
Pages: 162 - 169
Copyright
© 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 29, 2010
Accepted: May 18, 2011
Published online: May 20, 2011
Published in print: Apr 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.