Compressive Behavior of Masonry Columns Confined with FRCM Systems: Research Overview and Analytical Proposals
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 26, Issue 3
Abstract
Fabric–reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites have emerged as a viable solution for the external confinement of deficient masonry members. They represent an appealing alternative to fiber–reinforced polymer (FRP) systems since the use of epoxy matrixes raises some unsolved issues, such as the poor composite–substrate compatibility, low permeability of the strengthened surface, and the difficulties in removing the FRP sheets without damaging the substrate. To investigate the efficacy of FRCM confinement, a number of experimental investigations have been published in the literature, and a wide overview will be reported in this paper. However, to date there is a lack of relevant analytical studies that propose sound models to estimate the compressive strength of FRCM confined masonry; difficulties are related to the high complexity and heterogeneity of the masonry and to the uncertainties that are derived from FRCM confinement, whose performance is affected by many variables, which include the quality of the inorganic matrix and geometry of the fabric mesh. Most of the collected studies focus on investigating the applicability of the existing formulations that are suitable for FRP systems to examples of FRCMs, a few others provide promising proposals although they were validated using a limited amount of experimental data. This paper will present an analytical study on the confinement of masonry columns with FRCM composites with two aims: (a) propose new models to estimate the compressive strength; and (b) assess the existing formulas. A wide database that includes the results of compression tests on 211 masonry members that are externally wrapped with FRCM systems will be assembled from the literature. The collected data will be organized into a systematic framework and will be analyzed based on some relevant parameters, such as the type of fiber [e.g., basalt (B), carbon (C), glass (G), steel (S), and poliparafenilenbenzobisoxazole (PBO)], the geometry of the mesh, number of layers employed, mechanical properties of the inorganic matrix, and compressive strength of the unconfined masonry (fmc). Strength models for FRCM confined masonry will be developed by best-fit analyses, and comparisons with formulations that are available in the literature and some international guidelines will be performed.
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Acknowledgments
The financial support by ReLUIS (Network of the Italian University Laboratories for Seismic Engineering - Italian Department of Civil Protection) is gratefully acknowledged (Executive Project 2019-21 - WP14).
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- B
- width of square or rectangular cross section;
- BD
- bidirectional strengthening sheet;
- CV(Err)
- error variation coefficient;
- D
- diameter of circular cross section;
- DB
- debonding of the reinforcement at the overlap region;
- Ef
- elastic modulus of dry strengthening sheet;
- Ei
- ith error calculated according to either MAPE or MSE error;
- Emat
- elastic modulus in compression of FRCM matrix;
- mean absolute percentage error;
- mean square error;
- FM
- dominant failure mode exhibited by test specimens;
- fmat,b
- flexural strength of FRCM matrix;
- fmat,c
- compressive strength of FRCM matrix;
- ff,u,
- ultimate tensile strength of dry strengthening sheet;
- fl
- lateral confining pressure of FRCM confinement;
- fl,eff
- effective lateral confining pressure of FRCM confinement;
- normalized effective lateral confining pressure;
- fmat,c
- compressive strength of inorganic matrix and masonry;
- fmc
- compressive strength of unconfined masonry;
- normalized compressive strength of FRCM confined masonry;
- experimental value of normalized compressive strength of FRCM confined masonry;
- theoretical value of normalized compressive strength of FRCM confined masonry;
- i-th experimental value of normalized compressive strength of FRCM confined masonry;
- i-th theoretical value of normalized compressive strength of FRCM confined masonry;
- fm0
- compressive strength of unconfined masonry column;
- H
- depth of square/rectangular cross section;
- JF
- jacket failure;
- keff
- FRCM confinement efficiency coefficient;
- kh
- coefficient of horizontal efficiency of FRCM confinement;
- kmat
- coefficient of FRCM confinement efficiency related to the presence of inorganic matrix;
- kv
- coefficient of vertical efficiency of FRCM confinement;
- kɛ
- strain efficiency factor of the FRCM system;
- L
- height of specimen;
- Lb
- overlapping length of the FRCM wrap;
- N
- number of specimens;
- n
- number of data sets;
- nf
- number of FRCM layers;
- rc
- corner radius;
- S
- fiber–matrix slippage;
- tf
- equivalent thickness of the single layer of the fiber sheet;
- tmat
- overall thickness of the FRCM matrix;
- UD
- unidirectional strengthening sheet;
- α1, α2, …, α5
- fine-tuning model coefficients;
- γf
- density of strengthening sheet;
- gm
- masonry mass density;
- ɛf,u
- ultimate strain of dry strengthening sheet;
- ɛj,u
- ultimate hoop strain experimentally measured in FRCM jacket; and
- ρmat
- matrix reinforcement ratio.
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Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 26 • Issue 3 • June 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 22, 2021
Accepted: Dec 13, 2021
Published online: Mar 2, 2022
Published in print: Jun 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Aug 2, 2022
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Cited by
- Annalisa Napoli, Roberto Realfonzo, Compressive Strength of Masonry Confined by FRCM Systems: Assessment of Existing Models and New Proposals, Procedia Structural Integrity, 10.1016/j.prostr.2023.01.279, 44, (2182-2189), (2023).