Performance of Postinstalled GFRP Bars in Structural Connections

Acknowledgments

Notation

A_fbar

area of one FRP bar, mm²;

A_Nc

projected concrete failure area of a single bar or group of bars, for calculation of strength in tension, mm²;

A_Nco

projected concrete failure area of a single bar or group of bars, for calculation of strength in tension if not limited by edge distance or spacing, mm²;

A_Vc

projected concrete failure area of a single anchor or group of anchors, for calculation of strength in shear, mm²;

A_Vco

projected concrete failure area of a single anchor, for calculation of strength in shear, if not limited by corner influences, spacing, or member thickness, mm²;

c_a1

distance from the center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete in one direction, in. If shear is applied to the anchor, c_a1 is taken in the direction of the applied shear. If tension is applied to the anchor, c_a1 is the minimum edge distance, mm;

d_b

diameter of reinforcing bar, mm;

$f_c^{\mathrm{\prime }}$

compressive strength of concrete, MPa;

f_f

stress on GFRP bars, MPa;

h_ef

effective embedment depth of bar, mm;

l_e

embedment depth of reinforcing bar, mm;

u

average bond stress, MPa;

ϕ

strength reduction factor;

ψ_c,N

factor used to modify the tensile strength of bars based on the absence or presence of cracks in concrete;

ψ_c,V

factor used to modify the tensile strength of bars based on the absence or presence of cracks in concrete and the presence or absence of supplementary reinforcement;

ψ_cp,N

factor used to modify tensile strength of postinstalled bars intended for use in uncracked concrete without supplementary reinforcement to account for splitting tensile stresses due to installation;

ψ_ec,N

factor used to modify the tensile strength of bars based on the eccentricity of the applied loads;

ψ_ec,V

factor used to modify the shear strength of bars based on the eccentricity of the applied loads;

ψ_ed,N

factor used to modify tensile strength of bars based on proximity to edges of concrete members;

ψ_ed,V

factor used to modify shear strength of bars based on proximity to edges of concrete members;

ψ_h,V

breakout thickness factor used to modify the shear strength of anchors; and

λ_a

modification factor to reflect the reduced mechanical properties of lightweight concrete in certain concrete anchorage applications.

References