Pull-Out Performance of Anchored Carbon-Fiber Bundles in Cementitious Matrix
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 25, Issue 6
Abstract
In fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems, one technique to increase the strengthening efficiency is to utilize the deformability of dry fiber bundles and anchor them at their ends. In this study, the effectiveness of anchored carbon fiber bundles was thoroughly investigated through pull-out tests of 220 specimens and corresponding microstructural analyses. The results show that the peak pull-out load can be increased by up to 165% after anchoring the fiber bundles, and the dominant failure mode shifts from fiber pull-out to fiber rupture. Parametric analyses show that a larger anchorage angle and a larger total embedded length help to increase the pull-out strength, while a proper combination of the bonded length and the anchorage length is essential for high strengthening efficiency. Further microstructure analyses suggest that these improvements are primarily attributed to the additional constraint at the anchorage point, and the anchorage length is critical for the pull-out behavior.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The financial supports from the Key-area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2019B111107002) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52078454/51878604/51820105012) are gratefully acknowledged.
References
Aljazaeri, Z. R., and J. J. Myers. 2017. “Fatigue and flexural behavior of reinforced-concrete beams strengthened with fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix.” J. Compos. Constr. 21 (1): 04016075. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000726.
Aljewifi, H., B. Fiorio, and J. Gallias. 2010. “Pull-out behaviour of a glass multi-filaments yarn embedded in a cementitious matrix.” In Proc., EURO-C 2010—Computational Modelling of Concrete Structures. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Arboleda, D. 2014. “Fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites for infrastructure strengthening and rehabilitation: Characterization methods.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Miami.
Azam, R., and K. Soudki. 2014. “FRCM strengthening of shear-critical RC beams.” J. Compos. Constr. 18 (5): 04014012. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000464.
Banholzer, B. 2006. “Bond of a strand in a cementitious matrix.” Mater. Struct. 39 (10): 1015–1028. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-006-9115-y.
Barhum, R., and V. Mechtcherine. 2013. “Influence of short dispersed and short integral glass fibres on the mechanical behaviour of textile-reinforced concrete.” Mater. Struct. 46 (4): 557–572. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9913-3.
Beglarigale, A., and H. Yazıcı. 2015. “Pull-out behavior of steel fiber embedded in flowable RPC and ordinary mortar.” Constr. Build. Mater. 75: 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.037.
Bencardino, F., C. Carloni, A. Condello, F. Focacci, A. Napoli, and R. Realfonzo. 2018. “Flexural behaviour of RC members strengthened with FRCM: State-of-the-art and predictive formulas.” Composites, Part B 148: 132–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.04.051.
Bernat-Maso, E., L. Gil, L. Mercedes, and C. Escrig. 2018. “Mechanical properties of pre-stressed fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix composite (PFRCM).” Constr. Build. Mater. 191: 228–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.210.
Breitenbücher, R., G. Meschke, F. Song, and Y. Zhan. 2014. “Experimental, analytical and numerical analysis of the pullout behaviour of steel fibres considering different fibre types, inclinations and concrete strengths.” Struct. Concr. 15 (2): 126–135. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201300058.
Cao, Y. Y. Y., and Q. L. Yu. 2018. “Effect of inclination angle on hooked end steel fiber pullout behavior in ultra-high performance concrete.” Compos. Struct. 201: 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.06.029.
Chan, Y.-W., and V. C. Li. 1997. “Effects of transition zone densification on fiber/cement paste bond strength improvement.” Adv. Cement Based Mater. 5 (1): 8–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1065-7355(97)90010-9.
Chen, P., C. Pei, J. Zhu, M. Su, and F. Xing. 2019. “Sustainable recycling of intact carbon fibres from end-of-service-life composites.” Green Chem. 21 (17): 4757–4768. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9GC01847F.
D’Ambrisi, A., F. Focacci, R. Luciano, V. Alecci, and M. De Stefano. 2015. “Carbon-FRCM materials for structural upgrade of masonry arch road bridges.” Composites, Part B 75: 355–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.01.024.
Donnini, J., F. De Caso y Basalo, V. Corinaldesi, G. Lancioni, and A. Nanni. 2017. “Fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix behavior at high-temperature: Experimental and numerical results.” Composites, Part B 108: 108–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.10.004.
Donnini, J., G. Lancioni, and V. Corinaldesi. 2018. “Failure modes in FRCM systems with dry and pre-impregnated carbon yarns: Experiments and modeling.” Composites, Part B 140: 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.12.024.
Homoro, O., M. Michel, and T. N. Baranger. 2019. “Pull-out response of glass yarn from ettringite matrix: Effect of pre-impregnation and embedded length.” Compos. Sci. Technol. 170: 174–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.11.045.
Leung, C. K. Y., and N. Ybanez. 1997. “Pullout of inclined flexible fiber in cementitious composite.” J. Eng. Mech. 123 (3): 239–246. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1997)123:3(239).
Li, V. C., Y. Wang, and S. Backer. 1990. “Effect of inclining angle, bundling and surface treatment on synthetic fibre pull-out from a cement matrix.” Composites 21 (2): 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(90)90005-H.
Li, W., J. Zhu, P. Chen, F. Xing, D. Li, and M. Su. 2019. “Evaluation of carbon fiber reinforced cementitious matrix as a recyclable strengthening material.” J. Cleaner Prod. 217: 234–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.256.
MOHURD (Ministry of Housing, Urban and Rural Development of China). 1999. Method of testing cements—Determination of strength. GB/T 17671-1999. [In Chinese.] Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press.
MOHURD (Ministry of Housing, Urban and Rural Development of China). 2005. Test method for fluidity of cement mortar. GB/T 2419-2005. [In Chinese.] Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press.
MOHURD (Ministry of Housing, Urban and Rural Development of China). 2017. Test methods for tensile properties of carbon fiber multifilament. [In Chinese.] GB/T 3362-2017. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press.
Peled, A., B. Mobasher, and Z. Cohen. 2009. “Mechanical properties of hybrid fabrics in pultruded cement composites.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 31 (9): 647–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.06.002.
Peled, A., S. Sueki, and B. Mobasher. 2006. “Bonding in fabric–cement systems: Effects of fabrication methods.” Cem. Concr. Res. 36 (9): 1661–1671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.05.009.
Portal, N. W., I. F. Perez, L. N. Thrane, and K. Lundgren. 2014. “Pull-out of textile reinforcement in concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 71: 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.014.
Schleser, M., B. Walk-Lauffer, M. Raupach, and U. Dilthey. 2006. “Application of polymers to textile-reinforced concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 18 (5): 670–676. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:5(670).
Soetens, T., A. Van Gysel, S. Matthys, and L. Taerwe. 2013. “A semi-analytical model to predict the pull-out behaviour of inclined hooked-end steel fibres.” Constr. Build. Mater. 43: 253–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.01.034.
Xu, L., F. Deng, and Y. Chi. 2017. “Nano-mechanical behavior of the interfacial transition zone between steel-polypropylene fiber and cement paste.” Constr. Build. Mater. 145: 619–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.035.
Xu, S., M. Krüger, H. Reinhardt, and J. Ožbolt. 2004. “Bond characteristics of carbon, alkali resistant glass, and aramid textiles in mortar.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 16 (4): 356–364. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2004)16:4(356).
Yoo, D.-Y., J.-J. Kim, and J.-J. Park. 2019. “Effect of fiber spacing on dynamic pullout behavior of multiple straight steel fibers in ultra-high-performance concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 210: 461–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.171.
Zhu, J.-H., P. Chen, M. Su, C. Pei, and F. Xing. 2019. “Recycling of carbon fibre reinforced plastics by electrically driven heterogeneous catalytic degradation of epoxy resin.” Green Chem. 21 (7): 1635–1647. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8GC03672A.
Zhu, J.-H., Z. Wang, M. Su, T. Ueda, and F. Xing. 2020. “C-FRCM jacket confinement for RC columns under impressed current cathodic protection.” J. Compos. Constr. 24 (2): 04020001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001006.
Zhu, J.-H., L. Wei, H. Moahmoud, E. Redaelli, F. Xing, and L. Bertolini. 2017. “Investigation on CFRP as dual-functional material in chloride-contaminated solutions.” Constr. Build. Mater. 151: 127–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.213.
Zou, X., L. H. Sneed, and T. D’Antino. 2020. “Full-range behavior of fiber reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM)-concrete joints using a trilinear bond-slip relationship.” Compos. Struct. 239: 112024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112024.
Zou, X., L. H. Sneed, T. D’Antino, and C. Carloni. 2019. “Analytical bond-slip model for fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix-concrete joints based on strain measurements.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (11): 04019247. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002855.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 19, 2021
Accepted: Sep 11, 2021
Published online: Oct 13, 2021
Published in print: Dec 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Mar 13, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Yusen Wu, Zhiyu Xie, Dawei Zhang, Jihua Zhu, Haixuan Li, Uniaxial Tensile Behavior of Anchored Carbon Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix Plates, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 10.1061/JMCEE7.MTENG-14941, 35, 8, (2023).