Transverse Static and Low-Velocity Impact Behavior of CFRP Wires under Pretension
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 23, Issue 5
Abstract
The transverse static performance and low-velocity impact response of individual carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) wires were investigated experimentally in this study. First, the axial tensile properties of CFRP wires with a nominal diameter of 4.17 mm were obtained through axial tensile tests. Then transverse static tests and low-velocity impact tests were conducted on 15 and 12 preloaded wire specimens, respectively, using a custom-designed device and a drop-weight impact test system. The results show that the maximum wire tension, maximum contact force, and transverse deflection at fracture of the specimens in the impact tests were 89%, 72%, and 82%, respectively, of those in the transverse static tests. In a pretension ratio range of 0 to 0.34, the average transverse static load resistance and average impact resistance of the wire were approximately 4.65 and 3.38 kN, respectively, and were slightly affected by the pretension ratio. Because of the shear effect and contact damage, a wire subjected to a transverse static load and impact load absorbed a total energy of 17.8 and 12.4 J, respectively, which is lower than the absorbed energy under an axial tensile load. Based on the experimental results, the dynamic reduction factor for CFRP wires under impact was determined to be 0.85. Combined with an analytical model, the prediction formulas for transverse static load resistance and corresponding impact resistance of CFRP wires were proposed. Compared with an individual CFRP wire, the axial tensile properties and transverse impact resistance of a twisted seven-wire CFRP strand were only 86% and 70%, respectively, of those of a single wire.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research represents part of the work carried out by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51478177) and the Graduate Student Research Innovation Project in Hunan Province (CX2017B117).
References
ASTM. 2011. Standard test method for tensile properties of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite bars. ASTM D7205. Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2015. Standard test method for measuring the damage resistance of a fiber-reinforced matrix composite to a drop-weight impact event. ASTM D7136. Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Caprino, G., V. Lopresto, C. Scarponi, and G. Briotti. 1999. “Influence of material thickness on the response of carbon-fabric/epoxy panels to low velocity impact.” Compos. Sci. Technol. 59 (15): 2279–2286. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(99)00079-2.
CECS (China Association for Engineering Construction Standardization). 2015. Reactive powder concrete. GB/T 31387. Beijing: CECS.
Dai, J. G., W. Y. Gao, and J. G. Teng. 2013. “Bond-slip model for FRP laminates externally bonded to concrete at elevated temperature.” J. Compos. Constr. 17 (2): 217–228. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000337.
Fang, Z., K. Zhang, and B. Tu. 2013. “Experimental investigation of a bond-type Anchorage system for multiple FRP tendons.” Eng. Struct. 57 (1): 364–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.09.038.
García-Castillo, S. K., S. Sánchez-Sáez, J. López-Puente, E. Barbero, and C. Navarro. 2009. “Impact behaviour of preloaded glass/polyester woven plates.” Compos. Sci. Technol. 69 (6): 711–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.01.007.
Garnier, C., T. Djilali, R. Brault, and S. Mistou. 2011. “Impact resistance of composite materials under biaxial preloading.” Key Eng. Mater. 482: 39–48. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.482.39.
Ghelli, D., and G. Minak. 2011. “Low velocity impact and compression after impact tests on thin carbon/epoxy laminates.” Compos. Part B 42 (7): 2067–2079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.04.017.
Guillaud, N., C. Froustey, F. Dau, and P. Viot. 2015. “Impact response of thick composite plates under uniaxial tensile preloading.” Compos. Struct. 121 (Mar): 172–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.11.021.
Han, Q., L. Wang, and J. Xu. 2015. “Experimental research on mechanical properties of transverse enhanced and high-temperature-resistant CFRP tendons for prestressed structure.” Constr. Build. Mater. 98 (Nov): 864–874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.003.
Han, Q., L. Wang, and J. Xu. 2016. “Experimental research on fracture behaviors of damaged CFRP tendons: fracture mode and failure analysis.” Constr. Build. Mater. 112 (Jun): 1013–1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.036.
Hawileh, R. A., A. Abu-Obeidah, J. A. Abdalla, and A. Al-Tamimi. 2015. “Temperature effect on the mechanical properties of carbon, glass and carbon-glass FRP laminates.” Constr. Build. Mater. 75 (Jan): 342–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.020.
Heimbs, S., T. Bergmann, D. Schueler, and N. Toso-Pentecôte. 2014. “High velocity impact on preloaded composite plates.” Compos. Struct. 111 (111): 158–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.12.031.
Heimbs, S., S. Heller, P. Middendorf, F. Hähnel, and J. Weiße. 2009. “Low velocity impact on CFRP plates with compressive preload: test and modelling.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 36 (10): 1182–1193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.04.006.
Jin, F., P. Feng, and L. Ye. 2011. “Study on dynamic characteristics of light-weight FRP footbridge.” In Advances in FRP composites in civil engineering. Berlin: Springer.
Khalili, S., R. K. Mittal, and N. M. Panah. 2007. “Analysis of fiber reinforced composite plates subjected to transverse impact in the presence of initial stresses.” Compos. Struct. 77 (2): 263–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.08.027.
Kwon, Y. S., and B. V. Sankar. 1993. “Indentation-flexure and low-velocity impact damage in graphite epoxy laminates.” J. Compos. Technol. Res. 15 (2): 101–111.
Mines, R. A. W., Q. M. Li, and R. S. Birch. 2000. “Static behaviour of transversely loaded CFRP laminate panels subject to in-plane tension.” Strain 36 (2): 71–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.2000.tb01176.x.
Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. 2015. Specifications for design of highway suspension bridge. Rep. No. JTG/T D65-05. Beijing: Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China.
Mosallam, A. 2004. “Composites: Construction materials for the new era.” In Advanced polymer composites for structural applications in construction, 45–58. London: Telford-Services.
Nettles, A., V. Daniel, and C. Branscomb. 1995. “The effects of tensile preloads on the impact response of carbon/epoxy laminates.” In Proc., 40th Int. SAMPLE Symp., 1019–1025. Huntsville, AL: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center.
Pickett, A. K., M. R. C. Fouinneteau, and P. Middendorf. 2009. “Test and modelling of impact on pre-loaded composite panels.” Appl. Compos. Mater. 16 (4): 225–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-009-9089-3.
Richard, P., and M. Cheyrezy. 1995. “Composition of reactive powder concretes.” Cem. Concr. Res. 25 (7): 1501–1511. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(95)00144-2.
Sankar, B. V. 1992. “Scaling of low-velocity impact for symmetric composite laminates.” J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 11 (3): 296–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/073168449201100304.
Schueler, D., N. Toso-Pentecôte, and H. Voggenreiter. 2016. “Effects of static preloads on the high velocity impact response of composite plates.” Compos. Struct. 153 (153): 549–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.06.062.
Teng, J. G. 2001. “FRP Composites in Civil Engineering.” In Proc., Int. Conf. on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering. Washington, DC: Elsevier.
Wang, X., Z. Wang, Z. Wu, and F. Cheng. 2014. “Shear behavior of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and hybrid FRP rods as shear resistance members.” Constr. Build. Mater. 73 (Dec): 781–789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.104.
Whittingham, B., I. H. Marshall, T. Mitrevski, and R. Jones. 2004. “The response of composite structures with prestress subjected to low velocity impact damage.” Compos. Struct. 66 (1–4): 685–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.06.015.
Xiang, Y., Z. Fang, C. Wang, Y. Zhang, and Y. Fang. 2017. “Experimental investigations on impact behavior of CFRP cables under pretension.” J. Compos. Constr. 21 (2): 04016087. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000745.
Yang, Y., X. Wang, Z. Wu, and C. Peng. 2016. “Damping properties of FRP cables for long-span cable-stayed bridges.” Mater. Struct. 49 (7): 2701–2713. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0678-3.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 3, 2018
Accepted: Feb 26, 2019
Published online: Aug 6, 2019
Published in print: Oct 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Jan 6, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.