Experimental Study of Full-Scale Corroded Steel Bridge Piles Repaired Underwater with Grout-Filled Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Jackets
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 22, Issue 3
Abstract
Steel bridge piles, many of which have been in service for over half a century across the United States, are now deteriorating because of corrosion. They often require retrofitting to restore their capacities to their initial design capacities. Grout-filled fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) jackets are one promising repair alternative among others. This paper presents the findings of a full-scale experimental investigation to study the behavior of steel piles with localized simulated corrosion damage that were repaired underwater using grout-filled FRP jackets. Fourteen full-scale deteriorated piles were repaired with grout-filled FRP jackets and were tested under axial compression. The repair system was able to restore the axial capacity of the piles to the initially designed capacity. A rational approach is proposed and was implemented for the design of the tested repairs in this study. The results indicate that grout-filled FRP jackets can be effectively used to repair steel H-piles with localized corrosion and that the proposed design approach can be used to design the jackets for piles with different degrees of corrosion.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided through the Texas Department of Transportation Project 0-6731, “Repair Systems for Deteriorated Bridge Piles.” The authors also acknowledge the contribution of Quakewrap Inc., Fyfe Co, LLC, and Epoxy Design Systems who provided in kind contributions (including labor and materials) in support of this research. The financial support of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Houston is also gratefully acknowledged. Some of the techniques that are described in this paper are protected by U.S. Patent Number 8,650,831, which is registered to Mohammed R. Ehsani.
References
AASHTO. (2012). Bridge design specifications (LRFD), Washington, DC.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2008). “Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures.” ACI 440.2R, Farmington Hills, MI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2014). “Building code requirement for structural concrete.” ACI 318-14, Farmington Hills, MI.
AISC. (2010). “Specification for structural steel buildings.” AISC 360-10, Chicago.
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). (2012). “North American specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members.” AISI S100-12, Washington, DC.
Appuhamy, J., Ohga, M., Chun, P., and Dissanayake, P. (2013). “Numerical investigation of residual strength and energy dissipation capacities of corroded bridge members under earthquake loading.” J. Earthquake Eng., 17(2), 171–186.
ASTM. (2013). “Standard test methods and definitions for mechanical testing of steel products.” ASTM A370-13, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2014a). “Standard specification for deformed and plain low-alloy steel bars for concrete reinforcement.” ASTM A706-14, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2014b). “Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens.” ASTM C39-14, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2014c). “Standard test method for static modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of concrete in compression.” ASTM C469-14, West Conshohocken, PA.
Beaulieu, L.-V., Legeron, F., and Langlois, S. (2010). “Compression strength of corroded steel angles members.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 66(11), 1366–1373.
Chen, Y., Cheng, X., and Nethercot, D. (2013). “An overview study on cross-section classification of steel H-sections.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 80(1), 386–393.
Collins Engineers. (2010). “Underwater bridge inspection.”, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
El-Tawil, S., and Ekiz, E. (2009). “Inhibiting steel brace buckling using carbon fiber-reinforced polymers: Large-scale tests.” J. Struct. Eng., 530–538.
Feng, P., Zhang, Y., Bai, Y., and Ye, L. (2013a). “Combination of bamboo filling and FRP wrapping to strengthen steel members in compression.” J. Compos. Constr., 347–356.
Feng, P., Zhang, Y., Bai, Y., and Ye, L. (2013b). “Strengthening of steel members in compression by mortar-filled FRP tubes.” Thin Walled Struct., 64(3), 1–12.
Fyfe Co LLC. (2017a). “Product data sheet, Tyfo PR System using Tyfo SEH-51A and Tyfo S Epoxy.” ⟨http://www.fyfeco.com/Products/Composite-Systems.aspx⟩ (Dec. 20, 2012).
Fyfe Co LLC. (2017b). “Product data sheet, Tyfo SCH-41 Composite using Tyfo SW-1(S) Underwater Epoxy.” ⟨http://www.fyfeco.com/Products/Composite-Systems.aspx⟩ (Dec. 20, 2012).
Golaski, L., Gebski, P., and Ono, K. (2002). “Diagnostics of reinforced concrete bridges by acoustic emission.” J. Acoust. Emission, 20(2002), 83–89.
Guades, E., Aravinthan, T., and Islam, M. (2012). “A review on the driving performance of FRP composite piles.” Compos. Struct., 94(6), 1932–1942.
Iskander, G., and Stachula, A. (2002). “Wave equation analyses of fiber-reinforced polymer composite piling.” J. Compos. Constr., 88–96.
Karagah, H., Shi, C., Dawood, M., and Belarbi, A. (2015). “Experimental investigation of short steel columns with localized corrosion.” Thin Walled Struct., 87(2), 191–199.
Karimi, K., Tait, M. J., and El-Dakhakhni, W. W. (2012). “Influence of slenderness on the behavior of a FRP-encased steel-concrete composite column.” J. Compos. Constr., 100–109.
Kaya, A., Dawood, M., and Gencturk, B. (2015). “Repair of corroded and buckled short steel columns using concrete-filled GFRP jackets.” Constr. Build. Mater., 94(9), 20–27.
Liu, X., Nanni, A., and Silva, P. (2005). “Rehabilitation of compression steel members using FRP pipes filled with non-expansive and expansive light-weight concrete.” Adv. Struct. Eng., 8(2), 129–142.
NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers). (2012). “Corrosion control plan for bridges.” ⟨https://www.nace.org/uploadedFiles/Corrosion_Central/Corrosion_101/White_Papers/CorrosionControlPlanForBridges.pdf⟩ (May 20, 2015).
Ohtsu, M. (1996). “The history and development of acoustic emission in concrete engineering.” Mag. Concr. Res., 48(177), 321–330.
PileMedic LLC. (2017). “Product data sheet, PileMedic PLC100.60 for structural strengthening of columns and submerged piles.” ⟨http://www.pilemedic.com/product_data_sheets.php⟩ (Dec. 20, 2012).
QuakeWrap LLC. (2017). “Product data sheet, QuakeBond 220UR underwater resin.” ⟨http://www.pilemedic.com/product_data_sheets.php⟩ (Dec. 29, 2012).
Saad-Eldeen, S., Garbatov, Y., and Soares, C. G. (2011). “Experimental assessment of the ultimate strength of a box girder subjected to severe corrosion.” Mar. Struct., 24(4), 338–357.
Saad-Eldeen, S., Garbatov, Y., and Soares, C. G. (2014). “Strength assessment of a severely corroded box girder subjected to bending moment.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 92(1), 90–102.
Seif, M., and Schafer, B. W. (2010). “Local buckling of structural steel shapes.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 66(10), 1232–1247.
Seif, M., and Schafer, B. W. (2014). “Design of locally slender structural steel columns.” J. Struct. Eng., 04013086.
Shi, C., Karagah, H., Belarbi, A., and Dawood, M. (2016). “Inelastic buckling behavior of steel H-piles with localized severe corrosion.” J. Bridge Eng., 04015069.
Shi, C., Karagah, H., Dawood, M., and Belarbi, A. (2014). “Numerical investigation of H-shaped short steel piles with localized severe corrosion engineering structures.” Eng. Struct., 73(8), 114–124.
Song, G., Gu, H., and Mo, Y. L. (2008). “Smart aggregates: Multi-functional sensors for concrete structures—A tutorial and a review.” Smart Mater. Struct., 17(3), 033001.
Timoshenko, S., and Gere, J. (1961). Theory of elastic stability, McGraw-Hill, New York.
TXDOT (Texas Department of Transportation). (2014). “Guidelines for the use of steel piling for bridge foundations.” ⟨ftp://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/brg/geotechnical/steel-pilings.pdf⟩ (May 20, 2015).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 22 • Issue 3 • June 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 22, 2016
Accepted: Jan 18, 2018
Published online: Mar 28, 2018
Published in print: Jun 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Aug 28, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.