Experimental Study of Cyclic Behavior of Concrete Bridge Columns Reinforced by Steel Basalt-Fiber Composite Bars and Hybrid Stirrups
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 21, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study of concrete columns reinforced by steel basalt-fiber composite bars (SBFCBs) and steel basalt-fiber hybrid stirrups (SBFHSs) as innovative hybrid reinforcements. Four RC columns were cast; one column, which was reinforced longitudinally and transversely with traditional steel bars, served as a reference. Three columns were constructed with varying amounts of a basalt fiber–reinforced polymer (BFRP) material in the SBFCBs; the postyield stiffness ratio of the hybrid reinforcement was 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5. All the columns were subjected to a constant axial load and lateral cyclic loading. Several parameters affecting the columns’ responses, such as the BFRP reinforcement ratio and the ratio between the postyield and elastic stiffness of the longitudinal bars, were examined. The experimental results showed that the failures of all four columns were flexural, and the postyield stiffness of the longitudinal reinforcement had a significant effect on the stiffness, bearing capacity, residual deformation, and amount of energy dissipated by the test columns.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB026200) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51408126, 51525801, and 51528802). The technical discussions with Dr. Mohamed F. M. Fahmy at Southeast University Nanjing, China, were appreciated.
References
AASHTO. (2012). LRFD bridge design specifications, Washington, DC.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2004). “Guide test methods for fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) for reinforcing or strengthening concrete structures/reported by ACI Commitee 440.” ACI 440.3R-04, Farmington Hills, MI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2006). “Guide for the design and construction of structural concrete reinforced with FRP bars.” ACI 440.1R, Farmington Hills, MI.
Afifi, M. Z., Mohamed, H. M., and Benmokrane, B. (2013). “Strength and axial behavior of circular concrete columns reinforced with CFRP bars and spirals.” J. Compos. Constr., .
Ahmad, S., Khaloot, A., and Irshaid, A. (1991). “Behaviour of concrete spirally confined by fibreglass filaments.” Mag. Concr. Res., 43(156), 143–148.
ASTM. (2014). “Standard test methods and definitions for mechanical testing of steel products.” ASTM A370, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bank, L. C., et al. (2006). “Double-layer prefabricated FRP grids for rapid bridge deck construction: Case study.” J. Compos. Constr., 204–212.
Benmokrane, B., El-Salakawy, E., Desgagne, G., and Lackey, T. (2004). “FRP bars for bridges.” Concr. Int., 26(8), 84–90.
Bradberry, T. E., and Wallace, S. (2003). “FRP reinforced concrete in Texas transportation past, present, future.” Field applications of FRP reinforcement: Case studies, S. Rizkalla and A. Nanni, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 3–36.
Chai, Y. H., Priestley, M. J. N., and Frieder, S. (1991). “Seismic retrofit of circular bridge columns for enhanced flexural performance.” ACI Struct. J., 88(5), 572–584.
Chopra, A. K. (2007). Dynamics of structures: Theory and applications to earthquake engineering, Prentice Hall, NJ.
Christopoulos, C., Pampanin, S., and Nigel Priestley, M. (2003). “Performance-based seismic response of frame structures including residual deformations. Part I: Single-degree of freedom systems.” J. Earthquake Eng., 7(1), 97–118.
Ding, L., Wu, G., Yang, S., and Wu, Z. (2013). “Performance advancement of RC columns by applying basalt FRP composites with NSM and confinement system.” J. Earthquake Tsunami, 7(2), 1350007.
Ding, Y., You, Z., and Jalali, S. (2010). “Hybrid fiber influence on strength and toughness of RC beams.” Compos. Struct., 92(9), 2083–2089.
Elgabbas, F., Ahmed, E. A., and Benmokrane, B. (2016). “Experimental testing of concrete bridge-deck slabs reinforced with basalt-FRP reinforcing bars under concentrated loads.” J. Bridge Eng., .
Eslami, A., and Ronagh, H. R. (2013). “Effect of FRP wrapping in seismic performance of RC buildings with and without special detailing—A case study.” Composites Part B, 45(1), 1265–1274.
Fahmy, M. F., Wu, Z., Wu, G., and Sun, Z. (2010). “Post-yield stiffnesses and residual deformations of RC bridge columns reinforced with ordinary rebars and steel fiber composite bars.” Eng. Struct., 32(9), 2969–2983.
Hany Tobbi, A. S. F., and Brahim, B. (2012). “Concrete columns reinforced longitudinally and transversally with glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars.” ACI Struct. J., 109(4), 551.
Ibrahim, A. M., Wu, Z., Fahmy, M. F., and Kamal, D. (2015). “Experimental study on cyclic response of concrete bridge columns reinforced by steel and basalt FRP reinforcements.” J. Compos. Constr., .
Iemura, H., Takahashi, Y., and Sogabe, N. (2006). “Two-level seismic design method using post-yield stiffness and its application to unbonded bar reinforced concrete piers.” Struct. Eng. Earthquake Eng., 23(1), 109S–116S.
JSCE (Japan Society of Civil Engineers). (2000). “Earthquake resistant design codes in Japan.” Earthquake Engineering Committee, Tokyo.
Kassem, C., Farghaly, A. S., and Benmokrane, B. (2011). “Evaluation of flexural behavior and serviceability performance of concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars.” J. Compos. Constr., 682–695.
Kawaguchi, N. (1993). “Ultimate strength and deformation characteristics of concrete members reinforced with AFRP rods under combined axial tension or compression and bending.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Fiber Reinforced Plastic Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, Vol. 138, ACI, 671–684.
Kawashima, K., MacRae, G. A., Hoshikuma, J.-I., and Nagaya, K. (1998). “Residual displacement response spectrum.” J. Struct. Eng., 523–530.
Ma, Y., Che, Y., and Gong, J. (2012). “Behavior of corrosion damaged circular reinforced concrete columns under cyclic loading.” Constr. Build. Mater., 29, 548–556.
Mazzoni, S., McKenne, F., Scott, M. H., and Fenves, G. L. (2009). Open system for earthquake engineering simulation user manual, version 2.0, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Center, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA.
Mohamed, H. M., Afifi, M. Z., and Benmokrane, B. (2014). “Performance evaluation of concrete columns reinforced longitudinally with FRP bars and confined with FRP hoops and spirals under axial load.” J. Bridge Eng., .
Ozbakkaloglu, T., and Saatcioglu, M. (2007). “Seismic performance of square high-strength concrete columns in FRP stay-in-place formwork.” J. Struct. Eng., 44–56.
Priestley, M., Verma, R., and Xiao, Y. (1994). “Seismic shear strength of reinforced concrete columns.” J. Struct. Eng., 2310–2329.
Priestley, M. N., Seible, F., and Calvi, G. M. (1996). Seismic design and retrofit of bridges, Wiley, New York.
Saatcioglu, M., and Razvi, S. R. (1992). “Strength and ductility of confined concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 1590–1607.
Saikia, B., Thomas, J., Ramaswamy, A., and Rao, K. N. (2005). “Performance of hybrid rebars as longitudinal reinforcement in normal strength concrete.” Mater. Struct., 38(10), 857–864.
Seible, F., Priestley, M. N., Hegemier, G. A., and Innamorato, D. (1997). “Seismic retrofit of RC columns with continuous carbon fiber jackets.” J. Compos. Constr., 52–62.
Sun, Z.-Y., Wu, G., Wu, Z.-S., and Zhang, J. (2014). “Nonlinear behavior and simulation of concrete columns reinforced by steel-FRP composite bars.” J. Bridge Eng., 220–234.
Sun, Z.-Y., Wu, G., Wu, Z.-S., and Zhang, M. (2011). “Seismic behavior of concrete columns reinforced by steel-FRP composite bars.” J. Compos. Constr., 696–706.
Wu, G., Sun, Z., Wu, Z., and Luo, Y. (2012). “Mechanical properties of steel-FRP composite bars (SFCBs) and performance of SFCB reinforced concrete structures.” Adv. Struct. Eng., 15(4), 625–636.
Wu, G., Wu, Z., Luo, Y., and Wei, H. (2009). “A new reinforcement material of steel fiber composite bar (SFCB) and its mechanics properties.” Proc., 9th Int. Symp. of the Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement for Reinforced Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-9), Univ. of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Wu, G., Wu, Z.-S., Luo, Y.-B., Sun, Z.-Y., and Hu, X.-Q. (2010). “Mechanical properties of steel-FRP composite bar under uniaxial and cyclic tensile loads.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 1056–1066.
Xiao, Y., and Ma, R. (1997). “Seismic retrofit of RC circular columns using prefabricated composite jacketing.” J. Struct. Eng., 1357–1364.
Yan, L., Duchez, A., and Chouw, N. (2013). “Effect of bond on compressive behaviour of flax fibre reinforced polymer tube-confined coir fibre reinforced concrete.” J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., 32(4), 273–285.
Yao, L.-Z., and Wu, G. (2016). “Fiber-element modeling for seismic performance of square RC bridge columns retrofitted with NSM BFRP bars and/or BFRP sheet confinement.” J. Compos. Constr., .
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 21 • Issue 2 • April 2017
Copyright
©2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 27, 2016
Accepted: Jun 16, 2016
Published online: Aug 17, 2016
Discussion open until: Jan 17, 2017
Published in print: Apr 1, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.