Composite Timber Beams Strengthened by Steel and CFRP
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 21, Issue 1
Abstract
Composite timber beams strengthened by -shape steel sections and carbon fiber–reinforced plastic (CFRP) are studied experimentally in this paper. Specimens with various strengthening, i.e., steel only, CFRP only, and a combination of the two, were considered under three-point flexural tests. Failure, displacement and strain response, ductility, bending capacity, and structural efficiency were evaluated for the present tested models. Dramatic enhancement of the capacity in addition to improved deflection and ductility were gained for the strengthened beams relative to the plain specimens, indicating the effectiveness of the reinforcement on the flexural strength of such composite beams.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for the help and support of the School of Engineering and ICT, especially the technicians in the workshop, at the University of Tasmania.
References
Alhayek, H., and Svecova, D. (2012). “Flexural stiffness and strength of GFRP-reinforced timber beams.” J. Compos. Constr., 245–252.
AS (Australian Standards). (2007). “Metallic materials, tensile testing at ambient temperature.”, Sydney, Australia.
AS (Australian Standards). (2010). “Timber structures. Part 1: Design methods.”, Sydney, Australia.
AS (Australian Standards). (2012). “Timber—Methods of test—Moisture content.”, Sydney, Australia.
Battles, E., Dagher, H., and Abdel-Magid, B. (2000). “Durability of composite reinforcement for timber bridges.” Transp. Res. Rec., 1696, 131–135.
Biblis, E. J. (1965). “Analysis of wood-fiberglass composite beams within and beyond the elastic region.” For. Prod. J., 15(2), 81–88.
Borri, A., and Corradi, M. (2011). “Strengthening of timber beams with high strength steel cords.” Compos. Part B: Eng., 42(6), 1480–1491.
Botting, J. K. (2003). “Development of an FRP reinforced hardwood glulam guardrail.” Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME.
Catman [Computer software]. HBM, Marlboro, MA.
Dagher, H., Bragdon, M., and Lindyberg, R. (2002). “Advanced fiber-reinforced polymer-wood composites in transportation applications.” Transp. Res. Rec., 1814, 237–242.
Dagher, H., and Lindyberg, R. (2003). “Development of the AASHTO specifications for FRP-reinforced glulam beams.” 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
D’Ambrisi, A., Focacci, F., and Luciano, R. (2014). “Experimental investigation on flexural behavior of timber beams repaired with CFRP plates.” Compos. Struct., 108, 720–728.
De Luca, V., and Marano, C. (2012). “Prestressed glulam timbers reinforced with steel bars.” Constr. Build. Mater., 30, 206–217.
Dempsey, D. D., and Scott, D. W. (2006). “Wood members strengthened with mechanically fastened FRP strips.” J. Compos. Constr., 392–398.
Duarte, A. C., Negrão, J. H., Cruz, H. M., and Balseiro, A. M. (2008). “Bending strength of timber beams rehabilitated with reinforced epoxy mortar plates.” J. Struct. Eng., 792–800.
Gentile, C., Svecova, D., and Rizkalla, S. H. (2002). “Timber beams strengthened with GFRP bars: Development and applications.” J. Compos. Constr., 11–20.
Hay, S., Thiessen, K., Svecova, D., and Bakht, B. (2006). “Effectiveness of GFRP sheets for shear strengthening of timber.” J. Compos. Constr., 483–491.
Jasieńko, J., and Nowak, T. P. (2014). “Solid timber beams strengthened with steel plates—Experimental studies.” Constr. Build. Mater., 63, 81–88.
Johns, K. C., and Lacroix, S. (2000). “Composite reinforcement of timber in bending.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 27(5), 899–906.
Khelifa, M., and Celzard, A. (2014). “Numerical analysis of flexural strengthening of timber beams reinforced with CFRP strips.” Compos. Struct., 111, 393–400.
Lopez-Anido, R., Michael, A. P., and Sandford, T. C. (2003). “Experimental characterization of FRP composite-wood pile structural response by bending tests.” Mar. Struct., 16(4), 257–274.
Madhoushi, M., and Ansell, M. P. (2008). “Behaviour of timber connections using glued-in GFRP rods under fatigue loading. Part I: In-line beam to beam connections.” Compos. Part B: Eng., 39(2), 243–248.
Micelli, F., Scialpi, V., and La Tegola, A. (2005). “Flexural reinforcement of glulam timber beams and joints with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer rods.” J. Compos. Constr., 337–347.
O’Loinsigh, C., Oudjene, M., Shotton, E., Pizzi, A., and Fanning, P. (2012). “Mechanical behaviour and 3D stress analysis of multi-layered wooden beams made with welded-through wood dowels.” Compos. Struct., 94(2), 313–321.
Raftery, G. M., and Harte, A. M. (2011). “Low-grade glued laminated timber reinforced with FRP plate.” Compos. Part B: Eng., 42(4), 724–735.
Stevens, N. D., and Criner, G. K. (2000). “B848: Economic analysis of fiber-reinforced polymer wood beams.” Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME.
Theakston, F. H. (1965). “A feasibility study for strengthening timber beams with fiberglass.” Can. Agric. Eng., 7(1), 17–19.
Triantafillou, T. C., and Deskovic, N. (1992). “Prestressed FRP sheets as external reinforcement of wood members.” J. Struct. Eng., 1270–1284.
Wangaard, F. F. (1964). “Elastic deflection of wood-fiberglass composite beams.” For. Prod. J., 14(6), 256–260.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 21 • Issue 1 • February 2017
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 9, 2015
Accepted: Mar 28, 2016
Published online: Jun 8, 2016
Discussion open until: Nov 8, 2016
Published in print: Feb 1, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.