Durability Performances of Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polymer and Concrete-Bonded Systems under Moisture Conditions
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 20, Issue 5
Abstract
The information on long-term durability of the carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP)-concrete bond interfaces in various environmental conditions is necessary to predict the service life of the structures. The assessment of the bond interfaces under moisture conditions were evaluated by shear and tension bond tests using six popular commercial CFRP and epoxy resin systems for the maximum immersion period of 18 months. The bond tests were also accompanied by the test in the mechanical properties of the resins and concrete. Two of systems showed 25 and 16% reductions in average shear bond strengths, while the remaining systems showed either improvement or a small reduction. Observation of the failure modes suggested that the durability against water-related deterioration is worst when the adhesion bonds between the concrete and resin interface are weaker than the cohesive bonds of the adjacent layers. Similarly, the average tensile bond strength reduction was found to vary from 19 to 41%, indicating that the durability of the bond is highly dependent on the CFRP composite systems.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the support of Nippon Steel and Sumikin Materials Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Plastics Infratec Co., Ltd., FYFE Japan Co., Ltd, Simpson Strong-Tie Asia, Ltd., and Sika, Ltd., for providing necessary materials to conduct this research work. The financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (2015FZA4018), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) of the Japan Society of Promotion of Science (No. 26249064) and NEXCO Group Companies’ Support Fund to Disaster Prevention Measures on Expressways are greatly appreciated. The authors would also like to thank Mr. Thierry Birset for providing test results.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2008). “Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures.”, Farmington Hills, MI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2015). “Guide to accelerated conditioning protocols for durability assessment of internal and external fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement.”, Farmington Hills, MI.
Al-Tamimi, A. K., Hawileh, R. A., Abdalla, J. A., Rasheed, H. A., and Al-Mahaidi, R. (2014). “Durability of the bond between CFRP plates and concrete exposed to harsh environments.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 04014252.
Au, C., and Büyüköztürk, O. (2006). “Peel and shear fracture characterization of debonding in FRP plated concrete affected by moisture.” J. Compos. Constr., 35–47.
Benzarti, K., Chataigner, S., Quiertant, M., Marty, C., and Aubagnac, C. (2011). “Accelerated ageing behaviour of the adhesive bond between concrete specimens and CFRP overlays.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(2), 523–538.
Choi, S., Gartner, A., Etten, N., Hamilton, H., and Douglas, E. (2012). “Durability of concrete beams externally reinforced with CFRP composites exposed to various environments.” J. Compos. Constr., 10–20.
Dai, J., Yokota, H., Iwanami, M., and Kato, E. (2010). “Experimental investigation of the influence of moisture on the bond behavior of FRP to concrete interfaces.” J. Compos. Constr., 834–844.
Dolan, C., Tanner, J., Mukai, D., Hamilton, H., and Douglas, E. (2009). “Research report for evaluating the durability of bonded CFRP repair/strengthening of concrete beams.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), Washington, DC.
Grace, N. F., and Singh, S. (2005). “Durability evaluation of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer strengthened concrete beams: Experimental study and design.” ACI Struct. J., 102(1), 40–53.
Japanese Standards Association. (1995). “Testing methods for tensile properties of plastics.”, Tokyo (in Japanese).
JSCE (Japan Society of Civil Engineers). (2001). “Recommendations for upgrading of concrete structures with use of continuous fiber sheets.” Tokyo.
Karbhari, V. M., and Ghosh, K. (2009). “Comparative durability evaluation of ambient temperature cured externally bonded CFRP and GFRP composite systems for repair of bridges.” Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf., 40(9), 1353–1363.
Li, L., Yu, Y., Wu, Q., Zhan, G., and Li, S. (2009). “Effect of chemical structure on the water sorption of amine-cured epoxy resins.” Corros. Sci., 51(12), 3000–3006.
National Research Council. (2004). “Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening existing structures.”, Rome.
Nishizaki, I., and Kato, Y. (2011). “Durability of the adhesive bond between continuous fibre sheet reinforcements and concrete in an outdoor environment.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(2), 515–522.
Shrestha, J. (2015). “Investigation on long-term durability of FRP-concrete bond interfaces under moisture conditions.” Ph.D. dissertation, Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan.
Shrestha, J., Ueda, T., and Zhang, D. (2014a). “Durability of FRP concrete bonds and its constituent properties under the influence of moisture conditions.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., A4014009.
Shrestha, J., Ueda, T., and Zhang, D. (2014b). “Effect of primer and surface preparation on the FRP-concrete bond.” Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, International Institute for FRP in Construction (IIFC), Kingston, ON, Canada.
Soles, C. L., Chang, F. T., Bolan, B. A., Hristov, H. A., Gidley, D. W., and Yee, A. F. (1998). “Contributions of the nanovoid structure to the moisture absorption properties of epoxy resins.” J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 36(17), 3035–3048.
Struik, L. C. E. (1977). “Physical aging in amorphous polymers and other materials.” Ph.D. dissertation, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
Tu, L., and Kruger, D. (1996). “Engineering properties of epoxy resins used as concrete adhesives.” ACI Mater. J., 93(1), 26–35.
Tuakta, C., and Büyüköztürk, O. (2011). “Conceptual model for prediction of FRP-concrete bond strength under moisture cycles.” J. Compos. Constr., 743–756.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 20 • Issue 5 • October 2016
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 23, 2015
Accepted: Dec 4, 2015
Published online: Feb 29, 2016
Discussion open until: Jul 29, 2016
Published in print: Oct 1, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.