Bond Durability of Basalt Fiber–Reinforced Polymer Bars Embedded in Concrete under Direct Pullout Conditions
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 19, Issue 5
Abstract
The use of basalt fiber–reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars as a reinforcing material has gained increasing interest worldwide. However, few studies have reported on these bars’ performance in concrete when exposed to harsh environments. This paper investigates the effect of five different accelerated environments, namely (1) tap water, (2) seawater, (3) elevated temperature, (4) elevated temperature followed by tap water, and (5) elevated temperature followed by seawater, on the bond stress-slip response, adhesion to concrete, and bond strength [of two types of BFRP bars and one type of glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP) bar]. The bond-slip responses of all specimens were governed by the surface treatment of each bar and its manufacturing quality, regardless of the fiber type. Sand-coated BFRP bars showed higher bond characteristics than helically grooved bars after conditioning. Moister environments caused enhanced adhesion at the early loading stages for all specimens. Nevertheless, such environments had a detrimental effect on the bond strength at later stages depending on the bar material’s moisture absorption. Finally, exposure to elevated temperatures caused insignificant variation in the bond strength of all tested specimens.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers would like to acknowledge Magmatech and Sudaglass personnel for providing the BFRP bars used for the research reported in this paper. Thanks are also extended to Pultron personnel for donating the GFRP bars.
References
Abbasi, A., and Hogg, P. J. (2005). “Temperature and environmental effects on glass fiber rebar: Modulus, strength and interfacial bond strength with concrete.” Compos. Part B, 36(5), 394–404.
Achillides, Z., and Pilakoutas, K. (2004). “Bond behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer bars under direct pullout conditions.” J. Compos. Constr., 173–181.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2004). “Guide test methods for fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) for reinforcing or strengthening concrete structures.”, Farmington Hills, MI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2006). “Guide for the design and construction of structural concrete reinforced with FRP bars.”, Farmington Hills, MI.
Aiello, M. A., Leone, M., and Pecce, M. (2007). “Bond performances of FRP rebars-reinforced concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 205–213.
Alves, J., El-Ragaby, A., and El-Salakawy, E. (2011). “Durability of GFRP bars bond to concrete under different loading and environmental conditions.” J. Compos. Constr., 249–262.
Baena, M., Torres, L., Turon, A., and Barris, C. (2009). “Experimental study of bond behavior between concrete and FRP bars using a pullout test.” Compos. Part B, 40(8), 784–797.
Bakis, C. E., Boothby, T. E., and Jia, J. (2007). “Bond durability of glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars embedded in concrete beams.” J. Compos. Constr., 269–278.
Bank, L. C., and Gentry, T. R. (1995). “Accelerated test methods to determine the long-term behavior of FRP composite structures: Environmental effects.” J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., 14(6), 559–587.
Bank, L. C., Puterman, M., and Katz, A. (1998). “The effect of material degradation on bond properties of fiber-reinforced plastic reinforcing bars in concrete.” ACI Mater. J., 95(3), 232–243.
Belarbi, A., and Wang, H. (2012). “Bond durability of FRP bars embedded in fiber-reinforced concrete.” J. Compos. Constr., 371–380.
Bi, Q., Wang, Q., and Wang, H. (2011). “Study on bond properties of BFRP bars to basalt fiber-reinforced concrete.” Adv. Mater. Res., 163–167, 1251–1256.
Ceroni, F., Cosenza, E., Manfredi, G., and Pecce, M. (2006). “Durability issues of FRP rebars in reinforced concrete members.” Cement Concrete Compos., 28(10), 857–868.
Chen, Y., Davalos, J., Ray, I., and Kim, H. (2007). “Accelerated aging tests for evaluations of durability performance of FRP reinforcing bars for concrete structures.” Compos. Struct., 78(1), 101–111.
Cosenza, E., Manfredi, G., and Realfonzo, R. (1997). “Behavior and modeling of bond of FRP rebars to concrete.” J. Compos. Constr., 40–51.
Cosenza, E., Manfredi, G., and Realfonzo, R. (2002). “Development length of FRP straight rebars.” Compos. Part B, 33(7), 493–504.
CSA (Canadian Standards Association). (2002). “Design and construction of building components with fiber-reinforced polymers.” CAN/CSA-S806-02, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
Davalos, J. F., Chen, Y., and Ray, I. (2008). “Effect of FRP bar degradation on interface bond with high strength concrete.” Cement Concrete Compos., 30(8), 722–730.
El Refai, A., Amine-Ammar, M., and Masmoudi, R. (2014). “Bond performance of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars to concrete.” J. Compos. Constr., 04014050.
Galati, N., Nanni, A., Focacci, F., Dharani, L. R., and Aiello, M. A. (2006). “Thermal effects on bond between FRP rebars and concrete.” J. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 37(8), 1223–1230.
Harajli, M., and Abouniaj, M. (2010). “Bond performance of GFRP bars in tension: Experimental evaluation and assessment of ACI 440 guidelines.” J. Compos. Constr., 659–668.
Katz, A., and Berman, N. (2000). “Effect of high temperature on bond strength of FRP rebars.” J. Compos. Constr., 73–81.
Katz, A., Berman, N., and Bank, L. C. (1999). “Modeling the effect of high temperature on the bond of FRP reinforcing bars to concrete.” Cement Concrete Compos., 22(6), 433–443.
Masmoudi, R., Masmoudi, A., Ben Ouezdou, M., and Daoud, A. (2011). “Long-term bond performance of GFRP bars in concrete under temperature ranging from 20°C to 80°C.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(2), 486–493.
Micelli, F., and Nanni, A. (2004). “Durability of FRP rods for concrete structures.” Constr. Build. Mater., 18(7), 491–503.
Ovitigala, T., and Issa, M. A. (2013). “Mechanical and bond strength of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars for concrete structures.” Proc., 11th Int. Symp. on FRP for Reinforced Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-11), J. Barros and J. Sena-Cruz, eds., Univ. of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal.
Tannous, F. E., and Saadatmanesh, H. (1999). “Durability of AR glass fiber-reinforced plastic bars.” J. Compos. Constr., 12–19.
Tastani, S. P., and Pantazopoulou, S. J. (2006). “Bond of GFRP bars in concrete: Experimental study and analytical interpretation.” J. Compos. Constr., 381–391.
Wei, B., Cao, H., and Song, S. (2011). “Degradation of basalt fiber and glass fiber/epoxy resin composites in seawater.” Corros. Sci., 53(1), 426–431.
Zhou, J., Chen, X., and Chen, S. (2011). “Durability and service life prediction of GFRP bars embedded in concrete under acid environment.” J. Nucl. Eng. Des., 241(10), 4095–4102.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 19 • Issue 5 • October 2015
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 3, 2014
Accepted: Nov 5, 2014
Published online: Dec 1, 2014
Discussion open until: May 1, 2015
Published in print: Oct 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.