Seismic Behavior of Strengthened RC Columns under Combined Loadings
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 27, Issue 6
Abstract
Twenty-five reinforced concrete (RC) columns of section size 250 × 250 mm were designed and tested to study the seismic response considering the effect of loading case, strengthening method, and the predamage level, containing 21 columns reinforced with high-performance ferrocement laminate (HPFL)-bonded steel plates (BSPs), i.e., the intact strengthened columns (ISCs), earthquake-damaged strengthened columns (EDSCs), corrosion-damaged strengthened columns (CSCs) and coupled-predamaged strengthened columns (CPSCs). The bearing capacity of the specimens under the four different types of loading methods is ranked as follows: uniaxial compression–bending–shear (CBS) members, biaxial CBS members, biaxial CBS-torsion (CBST) members, and uniaxial CBST members. Compared with nonstrengthened specimens, the cracks of the strengthened RC columns are more fully developed, and the failure modes have been changed after strengthening. The failure modes and load–deformation curves had little significant difference for the strengthened RC columns with different damage under combined loading levels. The bearing capacity of strengthened RC columns with the applied loading of 400 kN improved, which increased to 60.1%–114.7%, 29.9%–103%, 65.2%–127%, and 49.2%–104.5% for ISCs, EDSCs, CSCs, and CPSCs, respectively. Moreover, the bearing capacity of specimens decreased due to the existence of horizontal eccentricity. Finally, based on the degraded trilinear restoring force model, the strengthened influence coefficient for loading α and displacement β and the torsion influence coefficient for loading γ and displacement ξ were introduced. A modified restoring force model of RC columns was presented, reflecting the loading method, predamage level, and strengthening method. The theoretical calculation values align with the test load–deformation curves, and the mean absolute error is almost less than 15%.
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Acknowledgments
This work described in this paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51778060), the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 2020KW-067), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (Grant No. 2021J011062), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, CHD (Grant Nos. 300102289401, 300102280711, and 300102280713).
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- As
- cross-sectional area of the tension reinforcement;
- b, h, and h0
- width, height, and effective height of the section;
- fc and
- axial and the maximum compressive stress of concrete;
- fy
- yield strength of the longitudinal steel bars;
- E
- experimental and theoretical data of the specimens;
- Es, Ec
- the elastic modulus of the reinforcement and concrete;
- Kpj
- average stiffness at the jth stage loading;
- l
- height of the column from the horizontal loading point to the column base;
- My
- yield moment;
- n
- number of cycles;
- n0
- axial compression ratio;
- Py, Pu, Pcu
- yield, peak, and ultimate shear force;
- PEy,s, PEu,s
- yield load and peak load of the experimental data for the strengthened specimens;
- PTy,n, PTu,n
- yield load and peak load of the theoretical data for the nonstrengthened specimens;
- PEy,t, PEu,t
- yield load and peak load experimental data of the CBST strengthened specimens;
- PTy,0, PTu,0
- yield load and peak load experimental data of the CBS strengthened specimens;
- Py,u, Pu,u
- yield load and peak load of the uniaxial strengthened specimens;
- Py,b, Pu,b
- yield load and peak load of the biaxial strengthened specimens;
- PEd,s, PTd,n
- yield, peak and ultimate displacement experimental data of the strengthened and nonstrengthened specimens;
- PEd,t, PTd,0
- yield displacement, peak displacement and failure displacement experimental data for the CBST displacement and theoretical data for CBS strengthened specimens;
- R
- error between the experimental and theoretical data of the specimens;
- T
- experimental and theoretical data of the specimens;
- Vji
- peak loading corresponding to the ith cycle at the jth stage loading;
- displacement ductility coefficient;
- α
- load reinforcement influence coefficient;
- αE
- ratio of the elastic modulus of the reinforcement and concrete;
- αf
- ratio of the yield strength of the longitudinal steel bars and the axial compressive strength;
- αw
- correction coefficient of the stirrup characteristic data;
- β
- torsional load influence coefficient;
- γ
- displacement-strengthened influence coefficient;
- δ1
- increase in the bearing capacity for the strengthened specimen compared with the corresponding control specimens;
- δ2
- effect of the axial compression ratio;
- η
- height coefficient of the concrete compression zone;
- η1
- effect of the loading method on the bearing capacity compared with the corresponding uniaxial CBS specimen;
- η2
- increase in the bearing capacity under uniaxial and biaxial CBST loading conditions;
- η3
- effect of the loading method on the bearing capacity compared with the corresponding biaxial CBS specimen;
- λw
- stirrup characteristic data;
- μu, μcu
- ductility coefficient corresponding to the peak displacement and the ultimate displacement;
- ξ
- displacement-strengthened influence coefficient;
- ρt
- tension steel ratio;
- ρw
- volume stirrup ratio;
- Δb,t, Δb,0
- yield, peak, and ultimate displacement of specimens under biaxial CBS and biaxial CBST;
- Δji
- displacement corresponding to Vji;
- Δu,t, Δu,0
- yield, peak, and ultimate displacement of specimens under uniaxial CBS and biaxial CBST;
- Δy,t, Δu,0
- yield displacement, peak displacement, and ultimate displacement of the theoretical data for the torsion-strengthened and nontorsion strengthened specimens; and
- Δy, Δu, Δcu
- yield, peak, and ultimate displacement.
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Received: Jul 30, 2021
Accepted: Feb 3, 2022
Published online: Mar 21, 2022
Published in print: Jun 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Aug 21, 2022
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