Structural Behavior of Novel Precast TL-5 Bridge Barriers Using Ultrahigh-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concretes
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 27, Issue 3
Abstract
Experimental testing and numerical modeling were performed on novel precast TL-5 barriers subjected to centered and eccentric loadings in a quasi-static mode. The mechanical behavior of two precast barrier configurations was analyzed and compared: a hybrid barrier including a normal strength concrete (NSC) core and a ultrahigh performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) shell with a UHPFRC barrier–slab connection, and a precast version of a cast-in-place QMT301 barrier made of NSC with a UHPFRC barrier–slab connection. Laboratory experiments on 2-m precast barriers under eccentric loading applied on 0.7 m demonstrated a shear failure in the upper portion of the hybrid and QMT barriers while the UHPFRC connection recess remained elastic, as observed in the cast-in-place solution. The longitudinal connection between precast barriers increased the maximal capacity under eccentric loading at the connected end. Numerical models were carried out on 2–6 -m precast barriers, under centered and eccentric loading, with 0.7 and 2.4 m loading lengths. Models showed the critical effects of shorter barrier length (2 m), shorter loading length (0.7), and eccentric loading as these factors significantly reduce the ultimate capacity of the precast barrier. Models validated with experiments confirmed that the load-carrying capacities of the developed precast TL-5 hybrid and QMT301 barriers surpass the minimum CSA and AASHTO design load requirements when considering 4-m barrier modules loaded on 2.4 m, whether or not there is a longitudinal connection and whether the loading is centered or eccentric.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research project was financially supported by The Quebec Ministry of Transportation (Grant No. R686.2—Design of precast barriers of extended durability with UHPFRC). The authors acknowledge the technical advice of Mr. Boulet and Mr. Magramane. The authors would also like to acknowledge King Packaging Materials (a Sika company) for their gracious provision of UHPFRC, nVent LENTON for the donation of rebars and steel couplers, as well as the technical staff of Polytechnique Montreal for their contribution to this project.
References
AFGC (Association Française de Génie Civil). 2013. Bétons fibrés à ultra-hautes performances—Recommandations—Édition révisée 2013. Paris: AFGC.
AASHTO. 2016. Manual for assessing safety hardware. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2017. LRFD bridge design specifications. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Alberson, D. C., W. F. Williams, W. L. Menges, and R. R. Haug. 2004. Testing and evaluation of the Florida Jersey safety shaped bridge rail. Technical Rep. College Station, TX: Texas Transportation Institute—Texas A&M Univ. System.
ASTM. 2014. Standard test method for static modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of concrete in compression. ASTM-C469. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Bazant, Z. P. 1983. “Crack band theory for fracture of concrete.” Mater. Struct. 16: 155–177.
Beaurivage, F. 2009. “Study of the influence of structural parameters on the constitutive laws of fiber-reinforced concrete for the design of structures.” [In French.] Master’s thesis, Dept. of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal.
Bischoff, P. H., and S. H. Perry. 1995. “Impact behavior of plain concrete loaded in uniaxial compression.” J. Eng. Mech. 121 (6): 685–693. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1995)121:6(685).
Cervenka, J., and V. K. Papanikolaou. 2008. “Three dimensional combined fracture–plastic material model for concrete.” Int. J. Plast. 24 (12): 2192–2220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2008.01.004.
Červenka, V., L. Jendele, and J. Červenka. 2016. ATENA program documentation—Part 1—Theory. Prague, Czech Republic: République tchèque.
Charron, J. P., R. Damry, C. Desmettre, and B. Massicotte. 2013. Structural use of UHFRC for precast barriers. [In French.] Technical Rep. No. SR13-05. Montréal: Group of Research in Structural Engineering—École Polytechnique Montréal.
Charron, J. P., and C. Desmettre. 2013. Interest of using fiber-reinforced concrete for the construction of sustainable structures. [In French.] Technical Rep. No. SR13-01. Montréal: École polytechnique de Montréal.
CSA (Canadian Standard Association). 2014a. Compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. CSA-A.23.2-9C. Rexdale, ON, Canada: CSA.
CSA (Canadian Standard Association). 2014b. Splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. CSA-A.23.2-13C. Rexdale, ON, Canada: CSA.
CSA (Canadian Standard Association). 2019. Canadian highway bridge design code. CSA-S6. Rexdale, ON, Canada: CSA.
Cusson, D., and W. L. Repette. 2000. “Early-age cracking in reconstructed concrete bridge barrier walls.” ACI Mater. J. 97 (4): 438–446.
Duchesneau, F. 2010. “Design of precast hybrid and monolithic barriers using high and ultra-high performance concretes.” [In French.] Master’s thesis, Dept. of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal.
Duchesneau, F., J. P. Charron, and B. Massicotte. 2011. “Monolithic and hybrid precast bridge parapets in high and ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concretes.” Can. J. Civ. Eng. 38 (8): 859–869. https://doi.org/10.1139/l11-054.
Foltz, R. R., D. H. Lee, and J. M. LaFave. 2017. “Biaxial behavior of high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite plates.” Constr. Build. Mater. 143: 501–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.167.
Gendron, F. 2019. “Design and analysis of the mechanical behavior of precast barriers for bridges with connection joints using ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete.” [In French.] Master’s thesis, Dept. of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal.
Jayananda, N. 2018. “Shear strengthening of prestressed concrete beams with ultra high-performance fiber reinforced composite (UHPFRC)—Numerical analysis by ATENA model.” Master’s thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft Univ. of Technology.
JSCE (Japanese Society of Civil Engineers). 2006. Recommendations for design and construction of ultra high strength fiber reinforced concrete structures (draft). JSCE Guidelines for Concrete No. 9. Tokyo: Japanese Society of Civil Engineers.
Khederzadeh, H., and K. Sennah. 2014. “Development of cost-effective PL-3 concrete bridge barrier reinforced with sand-coated glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars: static load tests.” Can. J. Civ. Eng. 41 (4): 368–379.
Lachance, F., J. P. Charron, and B. Massicotte. 2016. “Development of precast bridge slabs in high and ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concretes.” ACI Struct. J. 113 (5): 929–939. https://doi.org/10.14359/51689020.
Menétrey, P., and K. J. William. 1995. “Triaxial failure criterion for concrete and its generalization.” ACI Struct. J. 92 (3): 311–318.
Mitchell, G., M. Tolnai, V. Gokani, P. Picón, S. Yang, R. E. Klingner, and E. B. Williamson. 2006. Design of retrofit vehicular barriers using mechanical anchors. Technical Rep. Austin, TX: Center for Transportation Research—Univ. of Texas at Austin.
Naeimia, N., and M. A. Moustafa. 2020. “Numerical modeling and design sensitivity of structural and seismic behavior of UHPC bridge piers.” Eng. Struct. 219: 110792.
Namy, M. 2012. “Structural behaviour of cast-in-place and precast concrete barriers anchored to bridge deck overhangs and subjected to transverse static loading.” Master’s thesis, Dept. of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal.
Namy, M., J.-P. Charron, and B. Massicotte. 2015. “Structural behavior of bridge decks with cast-in-place and precast concrete barriers: Numerical modeling.” J. Bridge Eng. 20 (12): 04015014. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000751.
Ngan, C. L. Y. 2008. “Experimental investigations of anchorage capacity of precast concrete bridge barrier for Performance Level 2.” Mémoire de maîtrise, Univ. of British Columbia.
Niamba, E. Y. 2009. “Development of precast fiber-reinforced concrete barriers for bridges.” [In French.] Master’s thesis, Dept. of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal.
nVent. 2019. “nVent LENTON Terminator for Rebar Anchorage.” Accessed December 2, 2021. https://www.erico.com/catalog/literature/CP7E-WWEN.pdf.
Paschali, S. A., A. P. Lampropoulos, and O. Tsioulou. 2018. “Experimental and numerical study of the performance of ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete for the flexural strengthening of full scale reinforced concrete members.” Constr. Build. Mater. 186: 351–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.123.
Patel, G. 2008. “Development of precast barrier wall system for bridge decks.” Master’s thesis, Ryerson Univ.
QMT (Quebec Ministry of Transportation). 2017. Structural design manual. [In French.] Montreal: Quebec Ministry of Transportation.
Ronanki, V. S., S. Aaleti, and J. P. Binard. 2019. “Long-span hybrid precast concrete bridge girder using ultra-high-performance concrete and normal weight concrete.” PCI J. 64: 45–61.
Rossi, P., and F. Toutlemonde. 1996. “Effect of loading rate on the tensile behavior of concrete: Description of the physical mechanisms.” Mater. Struct. 29 (2): 116–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02486201.
Russell, H. G., and B. A. Graybeal. 2013. Ultra-high performance concrete: A state-of-the-art report for the bridge community. Technical Rep. No. FHWA-HRT-13-060. McLean, VA: US Dept. of Transportation—Federal Highway Administration.
SIA (Société suisse des Ingénieurs et Architectes). 2015. 2052: Béton fibré ultra-performant (BFUP)—Matériaux, dimensionnement et exécution. Zürich, Switzerland: SIA.
Thiaw, A., J.-P. Charron, and B. Massicotte. 2016. “Precast fiber-reinforced concrete barriers with integrated sidewalk.” ACI Struct. J. 113 (1): 39–50. https://doi.org/10.14359/51688611.
Verger-Leboeuf, S., J. P. Charron, and B. Massicotte. 2017. “UHPFRC connection joint for precast bridge slabs in HPFRC and UHPFRC.” J. Bridge Eng. 22 (7): 1–11.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 27 • Issue 3 • March 2022
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 12, 2020
Accepted: Nov 2, 2021
Published online: Dec 23, 2021
Published in print: Mar 1, 2022
Discussion open until: May 23, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Dattar Singh Aulakh, Prateek Negi, Flexural Performance of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete with Locally Available Materials, Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 10.1061/PPSCFX.SCENG-1283, 28, 4, (2023).
- M. Pharand, J.-P. Charron, Prediction of Moment–Curvature Response and Maximum Bending Resistance for Hybrid NSC-UHPC Elements, Journal of Structural Engineering, 10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-12407, 149, 11, (2023).