Technical Papers
Aug 6, 2019

Dynamic Response of Bridge Pier under Combined Earthquake and Wave–Current Action

Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 24, Issue 10

Abstract

A study of the dynamic response of a circular bridge pier forced simultaneously by earthquake and wave–current actions is presented. On the basis of diffraction wave theory, the analytic solution for the diffraction of incident waves with uniform current on a circular pier is given. On the basis of the radiation wave theory, the analytic solution for the hydrodynamic pressures on a circular pier induced by combined earthquake and wave–current action is obtained. Further, the solution for the dynamic responses of the pier under combined earthquake and wave–current action is obtained by treating the pier as a cantilever beam governed by beam theory. Last, the effects of hydrodynamic force, wave force, wave–current interaction, and surface wave condition on the dynamic responses of the pier are investigated. The results may be used for engineering practice and further research.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51708010, 51678015, and 51878384). The support is gratefully acknowledged. The results and conclusions presented are of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the sponsors.

References

Applied Technology Council/Federal Emergency Management Agency (ATC/FEMA). 2009. FEMA P695: Quantification of building seismic performance factors. Washington, DC: ATC/FEMA.
Bittner, R. B., O. Safaqah, X. G. Zhang, and O. J. Jensen. 2007. “Design and construction of the Sutong Bridge foundations.” J. Deep Found. Inst. 1 (1): 2–18. https://doi.org/10.1179/dfi.2007.001.
Chau, F. P., and R. E. Taylor. 1992. “Second-order wave diffraction by a vertical cylinder.” J. Fluid Mech. 240 (1): 571–599. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112092000211.
Chen, B. F. 1997. “3D nonlinear hydrodynamic analysis of vertical cylinder during earthquakes. I: Rigid motion.” J. Eng. Mech. 123 (5): 458–465. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1997)123:5(458.
Chen, B. F. 1998. “Hybrid three-dimensional finite-difference and finite-element analysis of seismic wave induced fluid–structure interaction of a vertical cylinder.” Ocean Eng. 25 (8): 639–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-8018(97)00038-3.
Clough, R. W., and J. Penzien. 2003. Dynamics of structures. 3rd ed. Berkeley, CA: Computer & Structures.
Ding, Y., R. Ma, and N. Li. 2015. “A simulation model for three-dimensional coupled wave-current flumes.” Eng. Mech. 32 (10): 68–74 (in Chinese).
Ding, Y., R. Ma, Y. D. Shi, and Z. X. Li. 2018. “Underwater shaking table tests on bridge pier under combined earthquake and wave-current action.” Mar. Struct. 58: 301–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2017.12.004.
Dobry, R., A. Pecker, G. Mavroeidis, M. Zeghal, B. Gohl, and D. Yang. 2003. “Damping/global energy balance in FE model of bridge foundation lateral response.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 23 (6): 483–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(03)00050-2.
Du, X., P. Wang, and M. Zhao. 2014. “Simplified formula of hydrodynamic pressure on circular bridge piers in the time domain.” Ocean Eng. 85: 44–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.04.031.
Goyal, A., and A. K. Chopra. 1989. “Simplified evaluation of added hydrodynamic mass for intake towers.” J. Eng. Mech. 115 (7): 1393–1412. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1989)115:7(1393.
Han, R. P. S., and H. Xu. 1996. “A simple and accurate added mass model for hydrodynamic fluid-structure interaction analysis.” J. Franklin Inst. 333 (6): 929–945.
Hsu, H. C., Y. Y. Chen, J. R. C. Hsu, and W. J. Tseng. 2009. “Nonlinear water waves on uniform current in Lagrangian coordinates.” J. Nonlinear Math. Phys. 16 (1): 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1402925109000054.
Jian, Y., J. Zhan, and Q. Zhu. 2008. “Short crested wave-current forces around a large vertical circular cylinder.” Eur. J. Mech. B/Fluids 27 (3): 346–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2007.08.001.
Jiang, H., B. Wang, X. Bai, C. Zeng, and H. Zhang. 2017. “Simplified expression of hydrodynamic pressure on deep water cylindrical bridge piers during earthquakes.” J. Bridge Eng. 22 (6): 04017014. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001032.
Li, J. J., X. J. Yang, Y. J. Xiao, B. W. Xu, and H. F. Wu. 2018. “Particle swarm-based translation control for immersed tunnel element in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Project.” China Ocean Eng. 32 (1): 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-018-0004-2.
Li, Q., and W. L. Yang. 2013. “An improved method of hydrodynamic pressure calculation for circular hollow piers in deep water under earthquake.” Ocean Eng. 72: 241–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.07.001.
Liaw, C. Y., and A. K. Chopra. 1974a. “Dynamics of towers surrounded by water.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 3 (1): 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290030104.
Liaw, C. Y., and A. K. Chopra. 1974b. “Earthquake analysis of axisymmetric towers partially submerged in water.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 3 (3): 233–248. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290030303.
Liu, C., S. Zhang, and E. Hao. 2017. “Joint earthquake, wave and current action on the pile group cable-stayed bridge tower foundation: An experimental study.” Appl. Ocean Res. 63: 157–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2017.01.008.
Liu, S. X., Y. C. Li, and G. W. Li. 2007. “Wave current forces on the pile group of base foundation for the East Sea bridge, China.” J. Hydrodyn. 19 (6): 661–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6058(08)60001-3.
MacCamy, R. C., and R. A. Fuchs. 1954. “Wave forces on piles: A diffraction theory.” Report No. TM-69. Washington, DC: US Army Corps of Engineers, Beach Erosion Board.
Morison, J. R., J. W. Johnson, and S. A. Schaaf. 1950. “The force exerted by surface waves on piles.” J. Pet. Technol. 2 (5): 149–154. https://doi.org/10.2118/950149-G.
PEER Center 2013. “Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center ground motion database—Beta version.” Accessed December 20, 2017. https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/site.
Penzien, J., and M. K. Kaul. 1972. “Response of offshore towers to strong motion earthquakes.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 1 (1): 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290010106.
Penzien, J., M. K. Kaul, and B. Berge. 1972. “Stochastic response of offshore towers to random sea waves and strong motion earthquakes.” Comput. Struct. 2 (5–6): 733–756. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(72)90035-1.
Rahman, M., and D. D. Bhatta. 1993. “Evaluation of added mass and damping coefficients of an oscillating circular cylinder.” Appl. Math. Model. 17 (2): 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0307-904X(93)90095-X.
Song, B., F. Zheng, and Y. Li. 2013. “Study on a simplified calculation method for hydrodynamic pressure to slender structures under earthquakes.” J. Earthquake Eng. 17 (5): 720–735. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2013.771592.
Sun, K., and T. Nogami. 1991. “Earthquake induced hydrodynamic pressure on axisymmetric offshore structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 20 (5): 429–440. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290200504.
Tanaka, Y., and R. T. Hudspeth. 1988. “Restoring forces on vertical circular cylinders forced by earthquakes.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 16 (1): 99–119. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290160108.
Wang, P., M. Zhao, and X. Du. 2018a. “Analytical solution and simplified formula for earthquake induced hydrodynamic pressure on elliptical hollow cylinders in water.” Ocean Eng. 148: 149–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.11.019.
Wang, P., M. Zhao, and X. Du. 2019. “Simplified formula for earthquake-induced hydrodynamic pressure on round-ended and rectangular cylinders surrounded by water.” J. Eng. Mech. 145 (2): 04018137. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001567.
Wang, P., M. Zhao, X. Du, J. Liu, and J. Chen. 2018b. “Simplified evaluation of earthquake-induced hydrodynamic pressure on circular tapered cylinders surrounded by water.” Ocean Eng. 164: 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.06.048.
Wei, K., W. C. Yuan, and N. Bouaanani. 2013. “Experimental and numerical assessment of the three-dimensional modal dynamic response of bridge pile foundations submerged in water.” J. Bridge Eng. 18 (10): 1032–1041. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000442.
Williams, A. N. 1986. “Earthquake response of submerged circular cylinder.” Ocean Eng. 13 (6): 569–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-8018(86)90040-5.
Yamada, Y., H. Iemura, K. Kawano, and K. Venkataramana. 1989. “Seismic response of offshore structures in random seas.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 18 (7): 965–981. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290180704.
Yang, W., and Q. Li. 2013a. “A new added mass method for fluid-structure interaction analysis of deep-water bridge.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 17 (6): 1413–1424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-0134-2.
Yang, W., and Q. Li. 2013b. “The expanded Morison equation considering inner and outer water hydrodynamic pressure of hollow piers.” Ocean Eng. 69: 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.05.008.
Zheng, X. Y., H. Li, W. Rong, and W. Li. 2015. “Joint earthquake and wave action on the monopile wind turbine foundation: An experimental study.” Mar. Struct. 44: 125–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2015.08.003.
Zhou, D. 1993. “Vibration of uniform columns with arbitrarily shaped cross-sections partially submerged in water considering the effects of surface wave and compressibility of water.” Comput. Struct. 46 (6): 1049–1054. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(93)90091-Q.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Bridge Engineering
Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 24Issue 10October 2019

History

Received: Jul 21, 2018
Accepted: Apr 19, 2019
Published online: Aug 6, 2019
Published in print: Oct 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Jan 6, 2020

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Piguang Wang [email protected]
Postdoctoral Researcher, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing 100084, China. Email: [email protected]
Full Professor, College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing Univ. of Technology, Beijing 100124, China (corresponding author). Email: [email protected]
Full Professor, College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing Univ. of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. Email: [email protected]
Full Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing 100084, China. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share