Numerical Investigation of Connection Forces of a Coastal Bridge Deck Impacted by Solitary Waves
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 23, Issue 1
Abstract
In this paper, a numerical wave-loading model using the dynamic-mesh updating technique is combined with a nonlinear finite-element (FE) model to investigate the behavior of costal bridge superstructures under solitary waves. The numerical model has been tested by comparing it with laboratory experiments performed at Oregon State University. It is proven that the proposed model is reliable for predicting the bridge–wave interaction. Full-scale numerical experiments are then conducted to discuss the effect of vertical flexibility on connection forces. In this study, a typical value of horizontal restraint has been assigned to each bridge deck, and the vertical flexibility is introduced by allowing the bridge deck to rotate about the onshore side. The results show that a higher extent of deck rotation movement is accompanied with larger horizontal resultant forces. Also, the pattern of vertical resultant is significantly influenced, whereas the peak value does not change much. Moreover, the general characteristics of the relationship between the vertical resultant force and the overturning moment are discussed in detail for a vertically fixed deck, and they are represented by interaction diagrams. The direction of the overturning moment is distinguished. The significance of a negative overturning moment is revealed. At the end of the paper, an empirical model for predicting the interaction diagrams is proposed and tested.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work is partially supported by the National Science Foundation (CMMI-1334551).
References
AASHTO. (2008). Guide specifications for bridges vulnerable to coastal storms, 1st Ed., Washington, DC.
ANSYS. (2013). FLUENT 15.0 user’s guide, ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA.
ANSYS Mechanical 15.0 [Computer software]. ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA.
Ataei, N., and Padgett, J. E. (2015). “Influential fluid–structure interaction modelling parameters on the response of bridges vulnerable to coastal storms.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng., 11(3), 321–333.
Blake, E. S, Landsea, C. W., and Gibney, E. J. (2011). “The deadliest, costliest and most intense United States tropical cyclones from 1851 to 2010.” National Hurricane Center, Miami, FL.
Bozorgnia, M., Lee, J. J., and Raichlen, F. (2011). “Wave structure interaction: Role of trapped air on wave impact and uplift forces.” Coast. Eng. Proc., 1(32), 1–12.
Bradner, C., Schumacher, T., Cox, D., and Higgins, C. (2011). “Experimental setup for a large-scale bridge superstructure model subjected to waves.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 3–11.
Cauffman, S. A., et al. (2006). “Performance of physical structures in Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita: A reconnaissance report.” Tech. Note No. 1476, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD.
Chen, Q., Wang, L., and Zhao, H. (2009). “Hydrodynamic investigation of coastal bridge collapse during Hurricane Katrina.” J. Hydraulic Eng., 1175–1186.
Chen, X., Zhan, J., Chen, Q., and Cox, D. (2016). “Numerical modeling of wave forces on movable bridge decks.” J. Bridge Eng., 04016055.
Cuomo, G., Shimosako, K., and Takahashi, S. (2009). “Wave-in-deck loads on coastal bridges and the role of air.” Coast. Eng., 56(8), 793–809.
DesRoches, R. (2006). Hurricane Katrina: Performance of transportation systems, ASCE Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering (TCLEE), Reston, VA.
Dong, J., Cai, C., and Okeil, A. (2011). “Overview of potential and existing applications of shape memory alloys in bridges.” J Bridge Eng., 305–315.
Douglass, S. L., Hughes, S. A., Rogers, S., and Chen, Q. J. (2004). “The impact of hurricane Ivan on the coastal roads of Florida and Alabama: A preliminary report.” Rep. of Coastal Transportation Engineering Research & Education Center, Univ. of South Alabama, Mobile, AL.
Du, X., Wang, P., and Zhao, M. (2014). “Simplified formula of hydrodynamic pressure on circular bridge piers in the time domain.” Ocean Eng., 85(Jul), 44–53.
FLUENT [Computer software]. ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA.
Grimshaw, R. (1971). “The solitary wave in water of variable depth.” J. Fluid Mech., 46(3), 611–622.
Hayatdavoodi, M., and Ertekin, R. C. (2015). “Nonlinear wave loads on a submerged deck by the Green-Naghdi equations.” J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng., 137(1), 011102.
Hayatdavoodi, M., and Ertekin, R. C. (2016). “Review of wave loads on coastal bridge decks.” Appl. Mech. Rev., 68(3), 030802.
Hayatdavoodi, M., Seiffert, B. R., and Ertekin, R. C. (2014). “Experiments and computations of solitary-wave forces on a coastal-bridge deck. Part II: Deck with girders.” Coast. Eng., 88(Jun), 210–228.
Huang, W., and Xiao, H. (2009). “Numerical modeling of dynamic wave force acting on Escambia Bay Bridge deck during Hurricane Ivan.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 164–175.
Jin, J., and Meng, B. (2011). “Computation of wave loads on the superstructures of coastal highway bridges.” Ocean Eng., 38(17–18), 2185–2200.
McPherson, R. L. (2008). “Hurricane induced wave and surge forces on bridge decks.” M.S. thesis, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX.
Mo, W. (2010). “Numerical investigation of solitary wave interaction with group of cylinders.” Ph.D. thesis, Connell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
Mosqueda, G., Porter, K. A., O’Connor, J., and McAnany, P. (2007). “Damage to engineered buildings and bridges in the wake of Hurricane Katrina.” Proc., Structures Congress 2007: New Horizons and Better Practices, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Motley, M., Wong, H., Qin, X., Winter, A., and Eberhard, M. (2016). “Tsunami-induced forces on skewed bridges.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 04015025.
Okeil, A., and Cai, C. (2008). “Survey of short- and medium-span bridge damage induced by Hurricane Katrina.” J. Bridge Eng., 377–387.
Padgett, J., et al. (2008). “Bridge damage and repair costs from Hurricane Katrina.” J. Bridge Eng., 6–14.
Padgett, J. E., Spiller, A., and Arnold, C. (2012). “Statistical analysis of coastal bridge vulnerability based on empirical evidence from Hurricane Katrina.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng., 8(6), 595–605.
Qu, K., Tang, H. S., Agrawal, A., and Cai, Y. (2017). “Hydrodynamic effects of solitary waves impinging on a bridge deck with air vents.” J. Bridge Eng., 04017024.
Robertson, I., Riggs, H., Yim, S., and Young, Y. (2007). “Lessons from Hurricane Katrina storm surge on bridges and buildings.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 463–483.
Seiffert, B. R., Hayatdavoodi, M., and Ertekin, R. C. (2014). “Experiments and computations of solitary-wave forces on a coastal-bridge deck. Part I: Flat plate.” Coast. Eng., 88, 194–209.
Seiffert, B. R., Hayatdavoodi, M., and Ertekin, R. C. (2015). “Experiments and calculations of cnoidal wave loads on a coastal-bridge deck with girders.” Eur. J. Mech. B Fluids, 52, 191–205.
Song, G., Ma, N., and Li, H. (2006). “Applications of shape memory alloys in civil structures.” Eng. Struct., 28(9), 1266–1274.
Wei, Z., Dalrymple, R., Rustico, E., Hérault, A., and Bilotta, G. (2016). “Simulation of nearshore tsunami breaking by smoothed particle hydrodynamics method.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 05016001.
Wei, Z., and Dalrymple, R. A. (2016). “Numerical study on mitigating tsunami force on bridges by an SPH model.” J. Ocean Eng. Mar. Energy, 2(3), 365–380.
Wei, Z., Dalrymple, R. A., Hérault, A., Bilotta, G., Rustico, E., and Yeh, H. (2015). “SPH modeling of dynamic impact of tsunami bore on bridge piers.” Coastal Eng., 104, 26–42.
Xu, G., and Cai, C. (2015a). “Wave forces on Biloxi Bay Bridge decks with Inclinations under solitary waves.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 04014150.
Xu, G., Cai, C., and Han, Y. (2015). “Investigating the characteristics of the solitary wave induced forces on coastal twin bridge decks.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 04015076.
Xu, G., and Cai, C. S. (2015b). “Numerical simulations of lateral restraining stiffness effect on bridge deck–wave interaction under solitary waves.” Eng. Struct., 101(Oct), 337–351.
Xu, G., and Cai, C. S. (2017). “Numerical investigation of lateral restraining stiffness effect on the bridge deck-wave interaction under Stokes waves.” Eng. Struct., 130(Jan), 112–123.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 12, 2017
Accepted: May 26, 2017
Published online: Oct 18, 2017
Published in print: Jan 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Mar 18, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.