Improved Softened Membrane Model for Reinforced Concrete Circular Bridge Columns under Torsional Loading
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 21, Issue 7
Abstract
This paper presents an improved softened membrane model for the analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) circular bridge columns under torsion loading. Concrete exhibits higher tensile strength and stiffness due to the strain-gradient effect under torsional loading. Results of previous studies suggest that the inclusion of strain-gradient and bidirectional stress effects improves prediction of the torsional behavior of concrete members. However, the influence of strain-gradient and bidirectional effect stresses on the torsional response of circular columns has never been investigated. With this paper, the authors aim to fill the existing knowledge gap in this important area of research by proposing a modified softened membrane model for torsion (SMMT) for circular columns. The authors also recommend a new tension–stiffening relationship of concrete for improved predictions. The estimated analytical response is compared with experimental data, and a good correlation can be seen. Predictions from the proposed model are also compared with the classical rotating-angle softened truss model (RA-STM) to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed model. Parameters such as postcracking stiffness, peak torque, and twist at peak torque are captured by the improved SMMT better than with the existing RA-STM. The improved model can be used also for developing simplified design equations.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This analytical research was sponsored by the Science and Engineering Research Board of Department of Science and Technology, India; the authors gratefully acknowledge their generous support. Experimental data of two columns used in this study were gathered as a part of a project funded by the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES)–National Science Foundation (NSF), the National University Transportation Centers, and the Intelligent Systems Centre of Missouri S&T, Rolla, Missouri; their financial support during the Ph.D. work of the third author is also gratefully acknowledged.
References
Belarbi, A., and Hsu, T. T. (1994). “Constitutive laws of concrete in tension and reinforcing bars stiffened by concrete.” ACI Struct. J., 91(4), 465–474.
Collins, M. P., and Mitchell, D. (1991). Prestressed concrete structures, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Goel, R. K., and Chopra, A. K. (1994). “Seismic response of the U.S. 101/Painter Street overpassing using strong motion records.” Proc., SMIP94 Seminar on Seismological and Engineering Implications of Recent Strong-Motion Data, M. Huang, Ed., California Div. of Mines and Geology, Sacramento, CA, 75–88.
Hsu, H. L., and Liang, L. L. (2002). “Effect of torsion on seismic performance of composite members.” Proc., Seventh U.S. National Conf. on Earthquake Engineering (7NCEE), Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Oakland, CA.
Hsu, T. T., and Zhu, R. R. (2002). “Softened membrane model for reinforced concrete elements in shear.” ACI Struct. J., 99(4), 460–469.
Huang, Z., and Liu, X. L. (2007). “Unified approach for analysis of box-section members under combined actions.” J. Bridge Eng., 494–499.
Hurtado, G. (2009). “Effect of torsion on the flexural ductility of reinforced concrete bridge columns.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA.
Isakovic, T., Fischinger, M., and Fajfar, P. (1998). “Torsional behavior of single column bent viaducts.” Proc., Sixth U.S. National Conf. on Earthquake Engineering (6NCEE), Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, CA.
Jeng, C. H. (2014). “Unified softened membrane model for torsion in hollow and solid reinforced concrete members: Modeling precracking and post cracking behavior.” J. Struct. Eng., 04014243.
Jeng, C. H., and Hsu, T. T. (2009). “A softened membrane model for torsion in reinforced concrete members.” Eng. Struct., 31(9), 1944–1954.
Johnson, N., Saiidi, M. S., and Sanders, D. (2009). “System versus component response of a two-span reinforced concrete bridge system.” Bull. Earthquake Eng., 7(2), 503–517.
MATLAB. [Computer software]. MathWorks, Natick, MA.
McLean, D. L., and Buckingham, G. C. (1994). “Seismic performance of bridge columns with interlocking spiral reinforcement.” Rep. WA-RD 357.1, Washington State Dept. of Transportation, Olympia, WA.
Meng, J. Y., and Lui, E. M. (2000). “Torsional effects on short-span highway bridges.” Comput. Struct., 75(6), 619–629.
Mo, Y. L., Jeng, C. H., and Chang, Y. S. (2000). “Torsional behavior of prestressed concrete box-girder bridges with corrugated steel webs.” ACI Struct. J., 97(6), 849–859.
Mondal, T. G., and Prakash, S. S. (2015a). “Effect of tension stiffening on the behaviour of reinforced concrete circular columns under torsion.” Eng. Struct. J., 92, 186–195.
Mondal, T. G., and Prakash, S. S. (2015b). “Nonlinear finite-element analysis of RC bridge columns under torsion with and without axial compression.” J. Bridge Eng., 04015037.
Nagata, S., Kawashima, K., and Watanabe, G. (2004). “Seismic performance of reinforced concrete C-bent columns based on a hybrid loading test.” Proc., First Int. Conf. on Urban Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 409–416.
Nelson, R. B., Saiidi, M., and Zadeh, S. (2007). “Experimental evaluation of performance of conventional bridge systems.” CCEER Rep. No. 07-04, Center for Civil Engineering Earthquake Research, Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV.
Ogata, T., Suda, K., and Masukawa, J. (2000). “Transverse reinforcement and ductility of reinforced concrete high pier with hollow section.” Proc., 12th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering (12WCEE), New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand.
Otsuka, H., Takeshita, E., Yabuki, W., Wang, Y., Yoshimura, T., and Tsunomoto, M. (2004). “Study on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns subjected to torsional moment, bending moment and axial Force.” Proc., 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering (13WCEE), International Association for Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Prakash, S. S., Belarbi, A., and You, Y. M. (2010). “Seismic performance of circular RC columns subjected to axial, bending, and torsion with low and moderate shear.” J. Eng. Struct., 32(1), 46–59.
Prakash, S. S., Li, Q., and Belarbi, A. (2012). Behavior of circular and square RC bridge columns under combined loading including torsion.” ACI Struct. J., 109(3), 317–328.
Robinson, J. R., and Demorieux, J. M. (1968). Tension-compression test on model of reinforced concrete beams, Institute of Applied Research of Reinforced Concrete, Paris.
Tirasit, P., and Kawashima, K. (2007). “Seismic performance of square reinforced concrete columns under combined cyclic flexural and torsional loadings.” J. Earthquake Eng., 11(3), 425–452.
Vecchio, F. J., and Collins, M. (1986). “The modified compression-field theory for reinforced concrete elements subjected to shear.” ACI Struct. J., 83(2), 219–231.
Wang, J. (2006). “Constitutive relationships of prestressed concrete membrane elements.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Houston, Houston.
Zhang, L. X. (1995). “Constitutive laws of reinforced elements with high strength concrete.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Houston, Houston.
Zhu, R. R., and Hsu, T. T. (2002). “Poisson effect in reinforced concrete membrane elements.” ACI Struct. J., 99(5), 631–640.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 18, 2015
Accepted: Dec 11, 2015
Published online: Feb 12, 2016
Published in print: Jul 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Jul 12, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.