Energy Harvesting from Train-Induced Response in Bridges
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 19, Issue 9
Abstract
The integration of large infrastructure with energy-harvesting systems is a growing field with potentially new and important applications. The possibility of energy harvesting from ambient vibration of bridges is a new field in this regard. This paper investigates the feasibility of energy harvesting for a number of trains considering their passage over a bridge. The power that can be derived from an energy-harvesting device due to a train crossing a bridge at different speeds is compared against typical demands of small wireless devices and is found to be adequate for powering such devices. These estimates of harvested energy also relate to the individual signatures of trains. In this work, the modeled dynamic responses of a bridge traversed by trains are compared against full-scale experimental analysis of train–bridge interactions. A potential application in structural health monitoring (SHM) using energy harvesting has also been demonstrated and compared with laboratory experimental data. Consistent and monotonic damage calibration curves have been constructed using estimated harvested energy.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Ajitsaria, J., Choe, S. Y., Shen, D., and Kim, D. J. (2007). “Modeling and analysis of a bimorph piezoelectric cantilever beam for voltage generation.” Smart Mater. Struct., 16(2), 447–454.
Ali, S. F., Friswell, M. I., and Adhikari, S. (2010). “Piezoelectric energy harvesting with parametric uncertainty.” Smart Mater. Struct., 19(10), 105010.
Ali, S. F., Friswell, M. I., and Adhikari, S. (2011). “Analysis of energy harvesters for highway bridges.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 22(16), 1929–1938.
Anton, S. R., and Sodano, H. A. (2007). “A review of power harvesting using piezoelectric materials (2003–2006).” Smart Mater. Struct., 16(3), R1–R21.
Beeby, S. P., Tudor, M. J., and White, N. M. (2006). “Energy harvesting vibration sources for microsystems applications.” Meas. Sci. Technol., 17(12), R175–R195.
Brady, S. P., and O'Brien, E. J. (2006). “Effect of vehicle velocity on the dynamic amplification of two vehicles crossing a simply supported bridge.” J. Bridge Eng., 250–256.
Brady, S. P., O'Brien, E. J., and Žnidarič, A. (2006). “Effect of vehicle velocity on the dynamic amplification of a vehicle crossing a simply supported bridge.” J. Bridge Eng., 241–249.
Brincker, R., Ventura, C. E., and Anderson, P. (2003). “Why output-only modal testing is a desirable tool for a wide range of practical applications.” Proc., IMAC-21, Society for Experimental Mechanics, Bethel, CT, 265–272.
Catbas, F. N., Gul, M., and Burkett, J. L. (2008). “Damage assessment using flexibility and flexibility-based curvature for structural health monitoring.” Smart Mater. Struct., 17(1), 015024.
Chang, C. C., Flatau, A., and Liu, S. C. (2003). “Review paper: Health monitoring of civil infrastructure.” Struct. Health Monit., 2(3), 257–267.
Cook-Chennault, K. A., Thambi, N., and Sastry, A. M. (2008). “Powering MEMS portable devices—A review of non-regenerative and regenerative power supply systems with special emphasis on piezoelectric energy harvesting systems.” Smart Mater. Struct., 17(4), 043001.
Erturk, A. (2011). “Piezoelectric energy harvesting for civil infrastructure system applications: Moving loads and surface strain fluctuations.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 22(17), 1959–1973.
Erturk, A., and Inman, D. J. (2008). “On mechanical modelling of cantilever piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 19(11), 1311–1325.
Farrar, C. R., Park, G., Allen, D. W., and Todd, M. D. (2006). “Sensor network paradigms for structural health monitoring.” Struct. Contr. Health Monit., 13(1), 210–225.
Fryba, L. (2001). “Rough assessment of railway bridges for high-speed trains.” Eng. Struct., 23(5), 548–556.
Gangone, M. V., and Whelan, M. J. (2011). “Wireless monitoring of a multispan bridge superstructure for diagnostic load testing and system identification.” Comput.-Aided Civ. Infrastruct. Eng., 26(7), 560–579.
Hagiwara, Y., Tanaka, M., and Ueno, M. (2001). “Evaluation of advantages of high-speed EMU in the case of the Series 700 Shinkansen highspeed train with IGBT applied traction system.” Proc., World Congress Railway Research (WCRR), Deutsche Bahn AG, Munich, Germany.
Harb, A. (2011). “Energy harvesting: State-of-the-art.” Renew. Energy, 36(10), 2641–2654.
Jackson, N., O’Keefe, R., O’Neill, M., Waldron, F., and Mathewson, A. (2013a). “CMOS compatible low-frequency aluminium nitride MEMS piezoelectric energy harvesting device.” Proc., SPIE 8763, Smart Sensors. Actuators, MEMS, VI, Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers, Bellingham, WA, 87631I.
Jackson, N., O’Keeffe, R., Waldron, F., O’Neill, M., and Mathewson, A. (2013b). “Influence of aluminium nitride crystal orientation on MEMS energy harvesting device performance.” J. Micromech. Microeng., 23(7), 075014.
Karoumi, R., Wiberg, J., and Liljencrantz, A. (2005). “Monitoring traffic loads and dynamic effects using an instrumented railway bridge.” Eng. Struct., 27(12), 1813–1819.
Liao, W. H., Wang, D. H., and Huang, S. L. (2001). “Wireless monitoring of cable tension of cable-stayed bridges using PVDF piezoelectric films.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 12(5), 331–339.
Liljencrantz, A., and Karoumi, R. (2009). “Twim: A MATLAB toolbox for real-time evaluation and monitoring of traffic loads on railway bridges.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng., 5(5), 407–417.
Liljencrantz, A., Karoumi, R., and Olofsson, P. (2007). “Implementing bridge weigh-in-motion for railway traffic.” Comput. Struct., 85(1–2), 80–88.
Lin, B., and Giurgiutiu, V. (2006). “Modeling and testing of PZT and PVDF piezoelectric wafer active sensors.” Smart Mater. Struct., 15(4), 1085–1093.
Lorieux, L. (2008). “Analysis of train-induced vibrations on a single-span composite bridge.” M.S. thesis, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden.
LUSAS 14.7 [Computer software]. Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, U.K., LUSAS.
Lynch, P. J., and Loh, K. J. (2006). “A summary review of wireless sensors and sensor networks for structural health monitoring.” Shock Vib. Dig., 38(2), 91–128.
Magno, M., Jackson, N., Mathewson, A., and Popovici, E. (2013). “Combination of hybrid energy harvesters with MEMS piezoelectric and nano-watt radio wake up to extend lifetime of system for wireless sensor nodes.” Proc., 26th Int. Conf. on Architecture of Computing Systems, VDE Verlag GMBH, Berlin.
Mansour, M., Lee, J.-Y., and Hsu, T. T. C. (2001). “Cyclic stress-strain curves of concrete and steel bars in membrane elements.” J. Struct. Eng., 1402–1411.
McCarthy, C. T., McCarthy, M. A., and Lawlor, V. P. (2005). “Progressive damage analysis of multi-bolt composite joints with variable bolt-hole clearances.” Composites Part B, 36(4), 290–305.
Moaveni, B., Conte, J. P., and Hemez, F. M. (2009). “Uncertainity and sensitivity analysis of damage identification results obtained using finite element model updating.” Comput.-Aided Civ. Infrastruct. Eng., 24(5), 320–334.
Monti, G., and Spacone, E. (2000). “Reinforced concrete fibre beam element with bond-slip.” J. Struct. Eng., 654–661.
Nakashima, M., and Liu, D. (2005). “Instability and complete failure of steel columns subjected to cyclic loading.” J. Eng. Mech., 559–567.
O'Brien, E. J., and Enright, B. (2013). “Using weight-in-motion data to determine aggressiveness of traffic for bridge loading.” J. Bridge Eng., 232–239.
O'Brien, E. J., Rattigan, P., González, A., Dowling, J., and Žnidarič, A. (2009). “Characteristic dynamic traffic load effects in bridges.” Eng. Struct., 31(7), 1607–1612.
Pakrashi, V., Basu, B., and O’Connor, A. (2007). “Structural damage detection and calibration using a wavelet–Kurtosis technique.” Eng. Struct., 29(9), 2097–2108.
Pakrashi, V., Harkin, J., Kelly, J., Farrell, A., and Nanukuttan, S. (2013). “Monitoring and repair of an impact damaged prestressed concrete bridge.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Bridge Eng., 166(1), 16–29.
Pakrashi, V., O’Connor, A., and Basu, B. (2010). “A bridge-vehicle interaction based experimental investigation of damage evolution.” Struct. Health Monit., 9(4), 285–296.
Perry, M. J., and Koh, C. G. (2008). “Output-only structural identification in time domain: Numerical and experimental studies.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dynam., 37(4), 517–533.
Rytter, A. (1993). “Vibration based inspection of civil engineering structures.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Building Technology and Structural Engineering, Aalborg Univ., Aalborg, Denmark.
Sazonov, E., Li, H., Curry, D., and Pillay, P. (2009). “Self-powered sensors for monitoring of highway bridges.” IEEE Sens. J., 9(11), 1422–1429.
Schuler, H., Mayrhofer, C., and Thoma, K. (2006). “Spall experiments for the measurement of the tensile strength and fracture energy of concrete at high strain rates.” Int. J. Impact Eng., 32(10), 1635–1650.
Sepe, V., Vestroni, F., Vidoli, S., Mele, R., and Tisalvi, M. (2005). “Train-induced vibrations of masonry railway bridges.” Proc., 6th EURODYN, IOS Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 161–166.
Shu, J., Zhang, Z., Gonzalez, I., and Karoumi, R. (2013). “The application of a damage detection method using artificial neural network and train-induced vibrations on a simplified railway bridge model.” Eng. Struct., 52, 408–421.
Sirohi, J., and Chopra, I. (2000). “Fundamental understanding of piezoelectric strain sensors.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 11(4), 246–257.
Sodano, H. A., Inman, D. J., and Park, G. (2004). “A review of power harvesting from vibration using piezoelectric materials.” Shock Vib. Dig., 36(3), 197–205.
Song, G., Gu, H., Mo, Y. L., Hsu, T. T. C., and Dhonde, H. (2007). “Concrete structural health monitoring using embedded piezoceramic transducers.” Smart Mater. Struct., 16(4), 959–968.
Strand7 2.4.4 [Computer software]. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Strand7 Pty.
Tabesh, A., and Fréchette, L. G. (2010). “A low-power stand-alone adaptive circuit for harvesting energy from a piezoelectric micropower generator.” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 57(3), 840–849.
Tang, X., and Zuo, L. (2011). “Enhanced vibration energy harvesting using dual-mass systems.” J. Sound Vibrat., 330(21), 5199–5209.
Torah, R., Glynne-Jones, P., Tudor, M., O’Donnell, T., Roy, S., and Beeby, S. (2008). “Self-powered autonomous wireless sensor node using vibration energy harvesting.” Meas. Sci. Technol., 19(12), 125202.
Vatansever, D., Hadimani, R. L., Shah, T., and Siores, E. (2011). “An investigation of energy harvesting from renewable sources with PVDF and PZT.” Smart Mater. Struct., 20(5), 055019.
Vinogradov, A., and Holloway, F. (1999). “Electric-mechanical properties of the piezoelectric polymer PVDF.” Ferroelectrics, 226(1), 169–181.
Wang, J. F., Lin, C. C., and Chen, B. L. (2003). “Vibration suppression for high-speed railway bridges using tuned mass dampers.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 40(2), 465–491.
Wang, W. S., O’Keeffe, R., Wang, N., Hayes, M., O’Flynn, B., and Ó’Mathúna, C. S. (2011). “Practical wireless sensor networks power consumption metrics for building energy management applications.” Proc., 23rd European Conf. Forum Bauinformatik, Construction Informatics, Cork, Ireland.
Woo, S.-C., and Goo, N. S. (2007). “Identification of failure mechanisms in a smart composite actuator with a thin sandwiched PZT plate based on waveform and primary frequency analysis.” Smart Mater. Struct., 16(4), 1460–1470.
Zhan, J. W., Xia, H., Chen, S. Y., and De Roech, G. (2011). “Structural damage identification for railway bridges based on train-induced bridge responses and sensitivity analysis.” J. Sound Vibrat., 330(4), 757–770.
Zhang, L., Brincker, R., and Andersen, P. (2005). “An overview of operational modal analysis: Major development and issues.” Proc., IOMAC 1, Aalborg Univ., Aalborg, Denmark, 179–190.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 19 • Issue 9 • September 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 13, 2013
Accepted: Feb 3, 2014
Published online: Mar 3, 2014
Discussion open until: Aug 3, 2014
Published in print: Sep 1, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.