Downrange Estimation Based on Powered Explicit Guidance for Pinpoint Lunar Landing
Publication: Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 2
Abstract
Onboard computation of a fuel-optimal steering law is a pivotal technology for future lunar and planetary campaigns with pinpoint landings. This paper proposes a method of downrange estimation based on improved powered explicit guidance (PEG) focusing on the existing throttleable engine. The main contribution includes two aspects. First, the conventional PEG algorithm is improved to enforce prediction accuracy. The prediction of lander cutoff state can be used to estimate downrange position, and thus, the thrust switching time is corrected to recalculate optimal steering law. Second, in consideration of the thrust identification error and navigation uncertainty, the thrust switching condition triggered by the state of the lander instead of time is established. The thrust is switched depending on estimated downrange feedback, and thus, a pinpoint landing with near-optimal fuel is achieved. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated through Monte Carlo simulations in the presence of thrust deviation and navigation error.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
•
All data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
•
All code generated or used during the study are proprietary or confidential in nature and may only be provided with restrictions.
References
Açıkmeşe, B., M. Aung, J. Casoliva, M. Swati, A. Johnson, D. Scharf, D. Masten, J. Scotkin, A. Wolf, and W. M. Regehr. 2013. “Flight testing of trajectories computed by G-FOLD: Fuel optimal large divert guidance algorithm for planetary landing.” In Proc., AAS/AIAA Spaceflight Mechanics Meeting. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Açıkmeşe, B., and S. R. Ploen. 2007. “Convex programming approach to powered descent guidance for Mars landing.” J. Guid. Control Dyn. 30 (5): 1353–1366. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.27553.
Afshari, H. H., J. Roshanian, and A. Novinzadeh. 2011. “Robust nonlinear optimal solution to the lunar landing guidance by using neighboring optimal control.” J. Aerosp. Eng. 24 (1): 20–30. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000048.
Banerjee, A., and R. Padhi. 2020. “Multi-phase MPSP guidance for lunar soft landing.” Trans. Indian Natl. Acad. Eng. 5 (1): 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41403-020-00090-1.
Brand, T. J., D. W. Brown, and J. P. Higgins. 1973. Space shuttle GNC equation document No. 24 unified powered flight guidance. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Bryson, A. E. 1975. Applied optimal control: Optimization, estimation and control. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Desiderio, D., and M. Lovera. 2012. “Guidance and control for planetary landing: flatness-based approach.” IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. 21 (4): 1280–1294. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2012.2202664.
Gaudet, B., R. Linares, and R. Furfaro. 2020. “Deep reinforcement learning for six degree-of-freedom planetary landing.” Adv. Space Res. 65 (7): 1723–1741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2019.12.030.
Goodman, J. 2021. “Roland Jaggers and the development of Space Shuttle powered explicit guidance (PEG).” In Proc., AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Klumpp, A. R. 1974. “Apollo lunar descent guidance.” Automatica 10 (2): 133–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(74)90019-3.
Li, Y., W. Chen, H. Zhou, and Y. Liang. 2020. “Conjugate gradient method with pseudospectral collocation scheme for optimal rocket landing guidance.” Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 104: 105999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2020.105999.
Lu, P. 2018. “Propellant-optimal powered descent guidance.” J. Guid. Control Dyn. 41 (4): 813–826. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.G003243.
Lu, P. 2019. “Augmented Apollo powered descent guidance.” J. Guid. Control Dyn. 42 (3): 447–457. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.G004048.
Lu, P. 2020. “Theory of fractional-polynomial powered descent guidance.” J. Guid. Control Dyn. 43 (3): 398–409. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.G004556.
Lu, P., and S. A. Sandoval. 2021. “Abort guidance during powered descent for crewed lunar missions.” In Proc., AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
McHenry, R. L., T. J. Brand, A. D. Long, B. F. Cockrell, and J. R. Thibodeau. 1979. “Space Shuttle ascent guidance, navigation, and control.” J. Astronaut. Sci. 27 (1): 1–38.
Oehlschlägel, T., S. Theil, H. Krüger, M. Knauer, J. Tietjen, and C. Büskens. 2011. “Optimal guidance and control of lunar landers with non-throttable main engine.” In Advances in aerospace guidance, navigation and control, 451–463. New York: Springer.
Pontani, M., and F. Celani. 2018. “Lunar ascent and orbit injection via neighboring optimal guidance and constrained attitude control.” J. Aerosp. Eng. 31 (5): 04018071. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000908.
Reynolds, T., D. Malyuta, M. Mesbahi, B. Acikmese, and J. M. Carson. 2021. “Funnel synthesis for the 6-DOF powered descent guidance problem.” In Proc., AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Reynolds, T. P., M. Szmuk, D. Malyuta, M. Mesbahi, and B. Açıkmeşe. 2020. “Dual quaternion-based powered descent guidance with state-triggered constraints.” J. Guid. Control Dyn. 43 (9): 1584–1599. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.G004536.
Sachan, K., and R. Padhi. 2015. “Fuel-optimal G-MPSP guidance for powered descent phase of soft lunar landing.” In Proc., 2015 IEEE Conf. on Control Applications. New York: IEEE.
Sagliano, M. 2018a. “Generalized hp pseudospectral convex programming for powered descent and landing.” In Proc., 2018 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conf. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Sagliano, M. 2018b. “Pseudospectral convex optimization for powered descent and landing.” J. Guid. Control Dyn. 41 (2): 320–334. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.G002818.
Sagliano, M. 2021. “Apollo 11 reloaded: Optimization-based trajectory reconstruction.” In Proc., AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Sagliano, M., A. Heidecker, J. Macés Hernández, S. Far, M. Schlotterer, S. Woicke, D. Seelbinder, and E. Dumont. 2021. “Onboard guidance for reusable rockets: Aerodynamic descent and powered landing.” In Proc., AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Sagliano, M., S. Theil, V. D’Onofrio, and B. Michiel. 2018. “SPARTAN: A novel pseudospectral algorithm for entry, descent, and landing analysis.” In Advances in aerospace guidance, navigation and control, 669–688. New York: Springer.
Sánchez-Sánchez, C., and D. Izzo. 2018. “Real-time optimal control via deep neural networks: Study on landing problems.” J. Guid. Control Dyn. 41 (5): 1122–1135. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.G002357.
Sostaric, R., and J. Rea. 2005. “Powered descent guidance methods for the moon and mars.” In Proc., AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Springmann, P., R. Proulx, and T. Fill. 2006. “Lunar descent using sequential engine shutdown.” M.S. thesis, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Szmuk, M., T. P. Reynolds, and B. Açıkmeşe. 2020. “Successive convexification for real-time six-degree-of-freedom powered descent guidance with state-triggered constraints.” J. Guid. Control Dyn. 43 (8): 1399–1413. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.G004549.
Ulybyshev, Y. 2019. “Optimization of three-dimensional lunar landing trajectories and accessible area computation.” In Proc., AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Von der Porten, P., N. Ahmad, M. Hawkins, and F. Thomas. 2018. “Powered explicit guidance modifications and enhancements for space launch system Block-1 and Block-1B vehicles.” In Proc., 41st AAS GNC (Guidance, Navigation, and Control) Conf. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Wang, P., Y. Guo, G. Ma, and B. Wie. 2021. “Two-phase zero-effort-miss/zero-effort-velocity guidance for mars landing.” J. Guid. Control Dyn. 44 (1): 75–87. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.G005242.
Zhang, B., S. Tang, and B. Pan. 2016. “Multi-constrained suboptimal powered descent guidance for lunar pinpoint soft landing.” Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 48: 203–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2015.11.018.
Zhang, B., S. Tang, and B. Pan. 2018. “Robust trajectory tracking guidance for low L/D lunar return vehicles using command filtered backstepping approach.” J. Aerosp. Eng. 31 (2): 04017105. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000821.
Zhang, H., J. Li, Z. Wang, and Y. Guan. 2021. “Guidance navigation and control for Chang’E-5 powered descent.” Space Sci. Technol. 2021: 1–15.
Zhang, Y., Y. Guo, G. Ma, and T. Zeng. 2017. “Collision avoidance ZEM/ZEV optimal feedback guidance for powered descent phase of landing on Mars.” Adv. Space Res. 59 (6): 1514–1525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2016.12.040.
Zhao, Y., Y. Sheng, X. Liu, and Z. Li. 2016. “Analytic approach and landing guidance through a novel time-varying sliding mode control method.” J. Aerosp. Eng. 29 (4): 04016008. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000581.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 35 • Issue 2 • March 2022
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 8, 2021
Accepted: Oct 6, 2021
Published online: Nov 25, 2021
Published in print: Mar 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Apr 25, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Haofan Wang, Zeguo Wang, Zhiwen Wang, Yu Zhao, Honghua Zhang, Pinpoint lunar landing with non-throttleable engine, 2022 34th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), 10.1109/CCDC55256.2022.10034375, (433-438), (2022).