Modeling, Testing, and Validation of an Eddy Current Damper for Structural Vibration Control
Publication: Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 31, Issue 5
Abstract
Eddy current damping has been widely applied in mechanical engineering; however, its adaptation for civil engineering applications remains rather limited due to its low density of energy dissipation. This study presents the development of a new type of eddy current damper and theoretical and experimental characterization of its damping properties. In addition to rectangular permanent magnets and conductive plate, both primary back iron and secondary back iron are considered in the proposed eddy current damper, which represents an improved design over previous configurations. The analytical method based on the charge model of permanent magnets is extended to simulate the extra damping effect of the primary back iron and secondary back iron, and the magnet field and damping properties of the dampers are evaluated analytically. The use of a back iron in the proposed damper is shown to increase the damping coefficients by a factor of up to 5. The analytical results are compared with those obtained with the finite-element analysis in terms of accuracy in magnetic field distributions, eddy current distributions, and damping coefficients. The linear assumption, which implies the damping force is linearly proportional to velocity in the analytical model, is also examined for different motional velocities and relative permeability of the permanent magnet. It is shown that the linear damping assumption in the analytical model is only valid for a limited range of low velocity, and this velocity range can be increased by reducing the thickness or conductivity of the conductive plate. In addition, a modification is needed for the analytical model if the relative permeability of the permanent magnet significantly deviates from the assumed value of 1.0. Finally, the accuracy of the analytical model and the finite-element model is verified by experiment of a prototype damper mounted in a laboratory steel frame.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study is sponsored by the National Science Foundation of China under Program No. 51422806. The support from the State’s Key Project of Research and Development Plan (Nos. 2016YFE0127900; 2017YFC07036002) is also greatly acknowledged.
References
Amjadian, M., and A. K. Agrawal. 2018. “Modelling, design and testing of a proof-of-concept prototype damper with friction and eddy current damping effect.” J. Sound Vibr. 413: 225–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2017.10.025.
Ao, W., and P. Reynolds. 2017. “Analytical and experimental study of eddy current damper for vibration suppression in a footbridge structure.” In Proc., Dynamics of Civil Structures, 131–138. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
Bae, J. S., J. H. Hawng, J. H. Roh, J. H. Kim, M. S. Yi, and J. H. Lim. 2012. “Vibration suppression of a cantiliver beam using megnitically tuned-mass-damper.” J. Sound Vibr. 331 (26): 5669–5684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2012.07.020.
Bourquin, F., G. Caruso, M. Peigney, and D. Siegert. 2014. “Magnetically tuned mass dampers for optimal vibration damping of large structures.” Smart Mater. Struct. 23 (8): 085009. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/8/085009.
Chen, J., G. Lu, Y. Li, T. Wang, W. X. Wang, and G. B. Song. 2017. “Experimental study on robustness of an eddy current-tuned mass damper.” J. Appl. Sci. 7 (9): 895. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7090895.
Chung, L. L., L. Y. Wu, and C. S. Yang. 2013. “Optimal design formulas for viscous tuned mass dampers in wind-excited structures.” Struct. Control Health Monit. 20 (3): 320–336. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.496.
Ebrahimi, B., M. B. Khamesee, and F. Golnaraghi. 2009. “Eddy current damper feasibility in automobile suspension: Modeling, simulation and testing.” Smart Mater. Struct. 18 (1): 015017. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/18/1/015017.
Furlani, E. P. 2001. Permanent magnet and electromechanical devices: Materials, analysis, and applications. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Gay, S. E. 2005. “Contactless magnetic brake for automotive applications.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Texas A&M Univ.
Gay, S. E., and E. Mehrdad. 2006. “Parametric analysis of eddy current brake performance by 3-D finite element analysis.” IEEE Trans. Magn. 42 (2): 319–328. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2005.860782.
Hua, X. G., Q. Wen, Z. Q. Chen, Y. Yang, and H. W. Niu. 2016. “Control of human-induced vibrations of a curved cable-stayed bridge: Design, implementation and field validation.” J. Bridge Eng. 27 (1): 04016028. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000887.
Kim, J., J. Ryu, and L. Chung. 2006. “Seismic performance of structures connected by viscoelastic dampers.” Eng. Struct. 28 (2): 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.05.014.
Konstantinidis, D., J. M. Kelly, and N. Makris. 2011. In-situ monitoring of the force output of fluid dampers: Experimental investigation. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
Larose, G. L., A. Larsen, and E. Svensson. 1995. “Modelling of tuned mass dampers for wind-tunnel tests on a full-bridge aeroelastic model.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 54–55 (Feb): 427–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(94)00058-L.
Lavan, O. 2015. “Optimal design of viscous dampers and their supporting members for the seismic retrofitting of 3D irregular frame structures.” J. Struct. Eng. 141 (11): 04015026. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001261.
Lu, X. L., Q. Zhang, S. Wang, S. A. Mahin, Q. Ding, and F. Qian. 2017. “Improving performance of a super tall building using a new eddy-current tuned mass damper.” Struct. Control Health Monit. 24 (3): e1882. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1882.
Mualla, I. H., and B. Belev. 2002. “Performance of steel frames with a new friction damper device under earthquake excitation.” Eng. Struct. 24 (3): 365–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00102-X.
Nasar, S., and G. Xiong. 1988. “Determination of the field of a permanent-magnet disk machine using the concept of magnetic charge.” IEEE Trans. Magn. 24 (3): 2038–2044. https://doi.org/10.1109/20.3398.
Palomera-Arias, R., J. J. Connor, and J. A. Ochsendorf. 2008. “Feasibility study of passive electromagnetic damping systems.” J. Struct. Eng. 134 (1): 164–170. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:1(164).
Pluk, K. J. W., T. A. V. Beek, J. W. Jansen, and E. A. Lomonova. 2014. “Modeling and measurements on a finite, rectangular, conducting plate in an eddy current damper.” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 61 (8): 4061–4072. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2013.2279364.
Rovers, J., J. Jansen, and E. Lomonova. 2013. “Modeling of relative permeability of permanent magnet material using magnetic surface charges.” IEEE Trans. Magn. 49 (6): 2913–2929. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2012.2236103.
Sakamoto, H., K. Araki, A. Ishida, S. Kobayashi, and T. Kuwahara. 1997. Design of permanent magnet type compact ECB retarder. Warrendale, PA: SAE.
Sodano, H. A., and J. S. Bae. 2004. “Eddy current damping in structures.” Shock Vibr. Digest 36 (6): 469–478. https://doi.org/10.1177/0583102404048517.
Sodano, H. A., J. S. Bae, D. J. Inman, and W. K. Belvin. 2006. “Improved concept and model of eddy current damper.” J. Vibr. Acoust. ASME 128 (3): 294–302. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2172256.
Song, G. B., P. Zhang, L. Y. Li, and M. Singla. 2016. “Vibration control of a pipeline structure using pounding tuned mass damper.” J. Eng. Mech. 142 (6): 04016031. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001078.
Soong, T. T., and G. F. Dargush. 1997. Passive energy dissiptaion systems in structural engineering. New York, NY: Wiley.
Soong, T. T., and B. F. Spencer. 2002. “Supplemental energy dissipation: State-of-the-art and state-of-the-pratice.” Eng. Struct. 24 (3): 243–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00092-X.
Symans, M. D., F. A. Charney, A. S. Whittaker, M. C. Constantinous, C. A. Kircher, M. W. Johnson, and R. J. McNamara. 2008. “Energy dissipation systems for seismic applications: Current practice and recent developments.” J. Struct. Eng. 134 (1): 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:1(3).
Thompson, M. T. 2009. “Practical issues in the use of NdFeB permanent magnets in maglev, motors, bearings, and eddy current brakes.” Proc. IEEE 97 (11): 1758–1767. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2009.2030231.
Vargas, R., and M. Bruneau. 2007. “Effect of supplement viscous damping on the seismic response of structural systems with metallic dampers.” J. Struct. Eng. 133 (10): 1434–1444. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:10(1434).
Wang, Z. H., Z. Q. Chen, and J. H. Wang. 2012. “Feasibility study of a large-scale tuned mass damper with eddy current damping mechanicsm.” Earthquake Eng. Eng. Vibr. 11 (3): 391–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-012-0129-x.
Warburton, G. W. 1982. “Optimum absorber parameters for various combinations of response and excitation parameters.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 10 (3): 381–401. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290100304.
Weber, B., and G. Feltrin. 2010. “Assessment of long-term behavior of tuned mass dampers by system identification.” Eng. Struct. 32 (11): 3670–3682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.08.011.
Weber, F., G. Feltrin, M. Maslanka, W. Fobo, and H. Distl. 2009. “Design of viscous dampers targeting multiple cable modes.” Eng. Struct. 31 (11): 2797–2800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.06.020.
Xu, Z. D., H. F. Xu, and X. Chen. 2016. “Intelligent vibration isolation and mitigation of a platform by using MR and VE devices.” J. Aerosp. Eng. 29 (4): 04016010. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000604.
Zhang, P., L. Li, D. Patil, M. Singla, H. N. Li, Y. L. Mo, and G. Song. 2016. “Parametric study of pounding tuned mass damper for subsea jumpers.” Smart Mater. Struct. 25 (1): 015028. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/25/1/015028.
Zuo, L., X. Chen, and S. Nayfeh. 2011. “Design and analysis of a new type of electromagnetic damper with increased energy density.” J. Vibr. Acout. ASME 133 (4): 041006. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4003407.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 31 • Issue 5 • September 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 6, 2018
Accepted: Mar 9, 2018
Published online: Jun 13, 2018
Published in print: Sep 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Nov 13, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.