Damage and Failure of Laminated Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Composite under Low-Velocity Impact
Publication: Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 27, Issue 2
Abstract
In this paper, experimental and numerical studies are conducted to study the damage and failure behavior of a laminated T700/BA9912 composite under low-velocity impact. The three-dimensional (3D) Hashin damage criterion and the cohesive zone model are used in the finite-element analysis, and the numerical simulation reveals the delamination, matrix damage, and fiber breakage process in the material. To show the capacity and fidelity of the numerical model, a drop-weight test and a nondamage inspection (NDI) are performed, and the model predictions are compared with the test results. The numerical model is able to predict the load versus impact time responses of the specimens. The predicted size and shape of the delamination area show excellent agreement with the NDI result, and the predicted through-thickness matrix failure directly below the impactor and the fiber breakage in the bottom layers of the laminates are in good agreement with the experimental observations.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Akhras, G., and Li, W. (2007). “Progressive failure analysis of thick composite plates using the spline finite strip method.” Compos. Struct., 79(1), 34–43.
Askari, A., Nelson, K., Weckner, O., Xu, J., and Silling, S. (2011). “Hail impact characteristics of a hybrid material by advanced analysis techniques and testing.” J. Aerosp. Eng., 210–217.
Batra, R., Gopinath, G., and Zheng, J. (2012). “Damage and failure in low energy impact of fiber-reinforced polymeric composite laminates.” Compos. Struct., 94(2), 540–547.
Camanho, P. P., and Dávila, C. G. (2002). “Mixed-mode decohesion finite elements for the simulation of delamination in composite materials.” NASA Technical Paper 211737, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA.
Cantwell, W., and Morton, J. (1991). “The impact resistance of composite materials—A review.” Composites, 22(5), 347–362.
Chu, C. (1994). “Damage Containment and Residual Strength of Composite Laminates.” J. Aerosp. Eng., 240–243.
De Moura, M., Gonçalves, J., Marques, A., and De Castro, P. M. S. T. (1997). “Modeling compression failure after low velocity impact on laminated composites using interface elements.” J. Compos. Mater., 31(15), 1462–1479.
De Moura, M. F. S. F., and Marques, A. T. (2002). “Prediction of low velocity impact damage in carbon–epoxy laminates.” Compos., Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 33(3), 361–368.
Ghaffari, S., Tan, T., and Awerbuck, J. (1990). “An experimental and analytical investigation on the oblique impact of graphite/epoxy laminates.” Proc., 22nd SAMPE, Society for the Advancement of Material and Processing Engineering (SAMPE), Covina, CA, 494–508.
Hashin, Z. (1980). “Failure criteria for unidirectional fiber composites.” J. Appl. Mech., 47(2), 329–334.
Hashin, Z. (1981). “Fatigue failure criteria for unidirectional fiber composites.” J. Appl. Mech., 48(4), 846–852.
Hashin, Z. (1983). “Analysis of composite materials.” J. Appl. Mech., 50(3), 481–505.
Hou, J., and Jeronimidis, G. (2000). “Bending stiffness of composite plates with delamination.” Compos., Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 31(2), 121–132.
Hou, J., Petrinic, N., Ruiz, C., and Hallett, S. (2001). “A delamination criterion for laminated composites under low-velocity impact.” Compos. Sci. Technol., 61(14), 2069–2074.
Krueger, R. (2004). “Virtual crack closure technique: History, approach, and applications.” Appl. Mech. Rev., 57(2), 109–143.
Krueger, R., and Minguet, P. J. (2005). Skin-stiffener debond prediction based on computational fracture analysis.” NASA/CR-2005-213915, National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA.
Lasri, L., Nouari, M., and El Mansori, M. (2009). “Modelling of chip separation in machining unidirectional FRP composites by stiffness degradation concept.” Compos. Sci. Technol., 69(5), 684–692.
Li, C., Hu, N., Cheng, J., Fukunaga, H., and Sekine, H. (2002a). “Low-velocity impact-induced damage of continuous fiber-reinforced composite laminates. Part II. Verification and numerical investigation.” Compos., Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 33(8), 1063–1072.
Li, C., Hu, N., Yin, Y., Sekine, H., and Fukunaga, H. (2002b). “Low-velocity impact-induced damage of continuous fiber-reinforced composite laminates. Part I. An FEM numerical model.” Compos., Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 33(8), 1055–1062.
Li, X., Binienda, W. K., and Goldberg, R. K. (2011). “Finite-element model for failure study of two-dimensional triaxially braided composite.” J. Aerosp. Eng., 170–180.
Lopes, C., et al. (2009a). “Low-velocity impact damage on dispersed stacking sequence laminates. Part I: Experiments.” Compos. Sci. Technol., 69(7–8), 926–936.
Lopes, C., Camanho, P., Gürdal, Z., Maimí, P., and González, E. (2009b). “Low-velocity impact damage on dispersed stacking sequence laminates. Part II: Numerical simulations.” Compos. Sci. Technol., 69(7–8), 937–947.
Mosallam, A., Slenk, J., and Kreiner, J. (2008). “Assessment of residual tensile strength of carbon/epoxy composites subjected to low-energy impact.” J. Aerosp. Eng., 249–258.
Qiao, P., Yang, M., and Bobaru, F. (2008). “Impact mechanics and high-energy absorbing materials: Review.” J. Aerosp. Eng., 235–248.
Richardson, M., and Wisheart, M. (1996). “Review of low-velocity impact properties of composite materials.” Compos., Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 27(12), 1123–1131.
Schoeppner, G., and Abrate, S. (2000). “Delamination threshold loads for low velocity impact on composite laminates.” Compos., Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 31(9), 903–915.
Shivakumar, K., Elber, W., and Illg, W. (1985). “Prediction of impact force and duration due to low-velocity impact on circular composite laminates.” J. Appl. Mech., 52(3), 674–680.
Simulia. (2008). ABAQUS user’s manual version 6.9, 3DS, Providence, RI.
Sjoblom, P. O., Hartness, J. T., and Cordell, T. M. (1988). “On low-velocity impact testing of composite materials.” J. Compos. Mater., 22(1), 30–52.
Wang, R., Chen, P., and Shen, Z. (2008). “Damage resistance analysis of composite laminates subjected to quasi-static indentation.” Fuhe Cailiao Xuebao (Acta Mater. Compos. Sin.), 25(3), 149–153 (in Chinese).
Xu, J., Askari, A., Weckner, O., and Silling, S. (2008). “Peridynamic analysis of impact damage in composite laminates.” J. Aerosp. Eng., 187–194.
Xu, Y., Wen, W., and Cui, H. (2006). “A cumulative damage prediction method of low-velocity impacts on laminated composites.” Materials Science and Engineering-Hangzhou, 24(1), 77–82.
Xu, Y., Wen, W., and Cui, H. (2007). “Prediction method for fatigue life of laminated composites after impact under compression-compression loading.” Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 24(2), 26–32.
Zheng, D., and Binienda, W. (2008). “Analysis of impact response of composite laminates under prestress.” J. Aerosp. Eng., 197–205.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 9, 2011
Accepted: Apr 25, 2012
Published online: Apr 28, 2012
Published in print: Mar 1, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.