Performance Optimization of Building Facade Floodlighting under Dynamic Sky Luminance
Publication: Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 28, Issue 4
Abstract
With the continuous progress of urbanization and the rapid development of building facade floodlighting, problems such as excessive lighting, serious light pollution, and high energy consumption are becoming increasingly prominent. In this paper, three methods comprising field measurement, questionnaire survey, and energy-efficiency simulation were integrated to develop the floodlighting luminance control curve of a building facade at night and also to carry out an energy-efficiency analysis. Through the field measurement of the floodlighting of the building facade, combined with the method of scene simulation, several virtual combined scene pictures with different sky luminance and different floodlighting luminance of the building facade were made. Furthermore, the optimal floodlighting luminance range as the sky luminance varies was obtained in the form of a questionnaire when the virtual scene pictures were presented on a computer. Then, the floodlighting luminance control curve with the decrease of the sky luminance was developed to achieve the purpose of reducing energy consumption. Finally, energy efficiency analysis of the lighting control curve was undertaken. The result revealed that when the sky background luminance is 8.98–0.51 cd/m2, the recommended floodlighting luminance range of the building facade is 6.13–4.44 cd/m2. What is particularly interesting is that the energy-saving effect is remarkable, and the energy-saving rate at each time is greater than 15%.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by a grant from the National Engineering Laboratory for Digital Construction and Evaluation Technology of Urban Rail Transit of China (No. 2021HJ04) and the S&T Program of Hebei, China (No. 21556203D).
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- D
- gray average;
- LR
- recommended luminance (cd/m2);
- LS
- sky luminance (cd/m2);
- P0
- floodlight rated power (W);
- R2
- coefficient of determination; and
- T
- satisfaction evaluation value.
References
ASHRAE. 2007. ANSI/ASHRAE standard 90.1-2007 energy standard for buildings except low-rise residential buildings. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
Boyce, P. R. 2004. “Lighting research for interiors: The beginning of the end or the end of the beginning.” Light. Res. Technol. 36 (4): 283–293. https://doi.org/10.1191/11477153504li118oa.
CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage). 2003. Guide on the limitation of the effects of obtrusive light from outdoor lighting installations. Technical Report CIE 150-2003. Vienna, Austria: CIE.
Das, N., N. Pal, and S. K. Pradip. 2015. “Economic cost analysis of LED over HPS flood lights for an efficient exterior lighting design using solar PV.” Build. Environ. 89: 380–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.03.005.
da Silva, P. C., V. Leal, and M. Andersen. 2012. “Influence of shading control patterns on the energy assessment of office spaces.” Energy Build. 50: 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.03.019.
Du, J., X. Zhang, and D. King. 2018. “An investigation into the risk of night light pollution in a glazed office building: The effect of shading solutions.” Build. Environ. 145: 243–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.09.029.
Evans, S., S. Noorbhai, Z. Lawson, S. Stacey-Jones, and R. Carabott. 2013. “Contrast enhancement of bite mark images using the grayscale mixer in ACR in Photoshop®.” J. Forensic Sci. 58 (3): 804–810. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12085.
Fontoynont, M., K. Ramananarivo, T. Soreze, G. Fernez, and K. G. Skov. 2016. “Economic feasibility of maximising daylighting of a standard office building with efficient electric lighting.” Energy Build. 110: 435–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.09.045.
Herdiwijaya, D. 2016. “Sky brightness and twilight measurements at jogyakarta city, indonesia.” J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 771 (1): 012033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/771/1/012033.
Heydarian, A., E. Pantazis, J. P. Carneiro, D. Gerber, and B. Becerik-Gerber. 2016. “Lights, building, action: Impact of default lighting settings on occupant behaviour.” J. Environ. Psychol. 48: 212–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.11.001.
Hsia, S.-C., J.-J. Ciou, and P.-Y. Kuo. 2018. “A single chip for 4-channel LED dimming driver of 240 W true color display with SPI control.” Microelectron. J. 78: 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2018.05.017.
IEA (International Energy Agency). 2011. Electricity information. Paris: Cedex.
Kocifaj, M. 2018. “Towards a comprehensive city emission function (CCEF).” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 205: 253–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2017.10.006.
Kuechly, H. U., C. C. M. Kyba, T. Ruhtz, C. Lindemann, C. Wolter, J. Fischer, and F. Hölker. 2012. “Aerial survey and spatial analysis of sources of light pollution in Berlin, Germany.” Remote Sens. Environ. 126: 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.08.008.
Levin, N., et al. 2020. “Remote sensing of night lights: A review and an outlook for the future.” Remote Sens. Environ. 237: 111443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111443.
Rea, M. S. 2003. The iesna lighting handbook: Reference & application. New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America//Lighting Handbook.
Słomiński, S., and R. Krupiński. 2018. “Luminance distribution projection method for reducing glare and solving object-floodlighting certification problems.” Build. Environ. 134: 87–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.01.019.
Tianjin City Appearance and Landscape Service Center and Tianjin Illunination Society. 2021. Tianjin technical standard for urban nightscape lighting. DB/T 29-71-2021. Tianjin, China: Tianjin City Appearance and Landscape Service Center, and Tianjin Illunination Society.
Wang, X., and J.-P. M. G. Linnartz. 2017. “Intelligent illuminance control in a dimmable LED lighting system.” Light. Res. Technol. 49 (5): 603–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477153516645839.
Woo, J. 2017. “A post-occupancy evaluation of a modular multi-residential development in Melbourne, Australia.” Procedia Eng. 180: 365–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.195.
Yang, C. Y. 2004. A research on the method of identifying the brightness value of the floodlighting of the facade of constructions. [In Chinese.] Chongqing, China: Chongqing Univ.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 28 • Issue 4 • December 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 4, 2021
Accepted: May 25, 2022
Published online: Aug 3, 2022
Published in print: Dec 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Jan 3, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Architectural engineering
- Building design
- Building facades
- Building systems
- Construction engineering
- Construction methods
- Continuum mechanics
- Curvature
- Design (by type)
- Dynamics (solid mechanics)
- Energy consumption
- Energy efficiency
- Energy engineering
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Floods
- Geometry
- Light (natural)
- Mathematics
- Solid mechanics
- Structural dynamics
- Water and water resources
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.