Case Studies
Jun 22, 2022

Strategies to Benchmark Sustainability Performance within a Project-Based Organization in the Building Industry: A Case Study in Denmark

Publication: Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 28, Issue 3

Abstract

The demands for sustainable designs in the building industry have increased dramatically and the industry needs to adapt to these demands. As sustainability has become a natural part of building projects, the need for methodologies and quantifiable measures has increased. This paper investigates possible strategies for benchmarking sustainability performance in project-based organizations (PBOs). A literature search combined with action-based research outlines five strategies that could be employed as general-level assessment methodologies. Each strategy is tested within an archetypical PBO in the Danish building industry. Six criteria are identified for performing a structured evaluation of each strategy, thereby enabling recommendations for further development. The results demonstrate that questionnaires and simple statistics on the number of sustainability certifications performed possess the most value compared to effort; however, SDG surveys also exhibit potential. The paper concludes that existing methods for assessing impact at an organizational level are in their infancy and must be matured dramatically to match future requirements for the documentation of organizational impact. This paper contributes to the development of efficient future assessment methodologies within PBOs.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Innovation Fund Denmark under Grant Number 8053-00091B.

References

Aarseth, W., T. Ahola, K. Aaltonen, A. Økland, and B. Andersen. 2017. “Project sustainability strategies: A systematic literature review.” Int. J. Project Manage. 35 (6): 1071–1083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.11.006.
Anand, G., and R. Kodali. 2008. “Benchmarking the benchmarking models.” Benchmarking Int. J. 15 (3): 257–291. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635770810876593.
Andrade, J., and L. Bragança. 2016. “Sustainability assessment of dwellings—A comparison of methodologies.” Civ. Eng. Environ. Syst. 33 (2): 125–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2016.1145676.
Andrade, J. B., and L. Bragança. 2017. “Extending buildings” life cycle: Sustainability early design support tool.” In Int. HISER Conf. on Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste, edited by F. Di Maio, S. Lotfi, M. Bakker, M. Hu, and A. Vahidi, 105–108. Delft, Netherlands: Delft University of Technology.
Baumgartner, R. J., and D. Ebner. 2010. “Corporate sustainability strategies: Sustainability profiles and maturity levels.” Sustainable Dev. 18 (2): 76–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.447.
Berg, J. B., C. Thuesen, S. K. Ernstsen, and P. A. Jensen. 2021. “Reconfiguring the construction value chain: Analysing key sources of friction in the business model archetypes of AEC companies in strategic partnerships.” Construct. Manage. Econ. 39 (6): 533–548.
Bhutta, K. S., and F. Huq. 1999. “Benchmarking—Best practices: An integrated approach.” Benchmarking Int. J. 6 (3): 254–268. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635779910289261.
Boxwell, R. J. J. 1994. Benchmarking for competitive advantage. New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
Brejnrod, K. N., P. Kalbar, S. Petersen, and M. Birkved. 2017. “The absolute environmental performance of buildings.” Build. Environ. 119: 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.04.003.
Brundtland, G. H. 1987. “Our common future: Report of the world commission on environment and development.” United Nations Commun. 4 (1): 300.
BSR/GlobeScan. 2012. BSR/globescan state of sustainable business poll. London: Globe Scan.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2010. Sustainability of construction works–sustainability assessment of buildings. I: General framework. CEN/TC 350. EN 15643-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
DK-GBC (Green Building Council Denmark). 2016. Vol. 65 of Bæredygtigt byggeri—markedsundersøgelse. Copenhagen, Denmark: Green Building Council Denmark.
DK-GBC (Green Building Council Denmark). 2020. “Statistics – DGNB certified projects.” Accessed November 20, 2021. www.dk-gbc.dk. http://www.dk-gbc.dk/om-green-building-council-denmark/.
Eisenhardt, K. M. 1989. “Building theories from case study research.” Acad. Manage. Rev. 14 (4): 532–550. https://doi.org/10.2307/258557.
European Commission. 2021. “EU taxonomy for sustainable activities.” European Commission. Accessed November 15, 2021. https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/banking-and-finance/sustainable-finance/eu-taxonomy-sustainable-activities_en.
FRI og Danske ARK. 2012. “Byggeri og Planlægning 2012.” Foren. Af Rådgivende Ingeniører, 1–38.
Grabher, G. 2002. “Cool projects, boring institutions: Temporary collaboration in social context.” Reg. Stud. 36 (3): 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400220122025.
GxN and SBi (Danish Building Research Institute). 2018. Guide to sustainable building certifications. Denmark: SBi and GXN.
Hobday, M. 2000. “The project-based organisation: An ideal form for managing complex products and systems?” Res. Policy 29 (7–8): 871–893. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00110-4.
Kvale, S. 1996. Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing, 129–140. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Kvale, S., and S. Brinkmann. 2015. Interview—det kvalitative forskningsinterview som håndværk. Copenhagen, Denmark: Gyldendal.
Labuschagne, C., and A. C. Brent. 2005. “Sustainable project life cycle management: The need to integrate life cycles in the manufacturing sector.” Int. J. Project Manage. 23 (2): 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.06.003.
Lundin, R. A., and A. Söderholm. 1995. “A theory of the temporary organization.” Scand. J. Manage. 11 (4): 437–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-5221(95)00036-U.
MacArthur Foundation. 2015. Potential for Denmark as a circular economy. Cowes, UK: Ellen MacArthur Foundation.
Macmillan, S., J. Steele, P. Kirby, R. Spence, and S. Austin. 2002. “Mapping the design process during the conceptual phase of building projects.” Eng. Constr. Archit. Manage. 9 (3): 174–180. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb021213.
Marcelino-Sádaba, S., L. F. González-Jaen, and A. Pérez-Ezcurdia. 2015. “Using project management as a way to sustainability. From a comprehensive review to a framework definition.” J. Cleaner Prod. 99: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.020.
Morris, P. W. 2013. “Reconstructing project management.” Int. J. Manag. Project Bus. 7 (1): 158–161. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-10-2013-0057.
Pearce, A. R., S. Shenoy, C. M. Fiori, and Z. Winters. 2010. “The state of sustainability best practices in construction: A benchmark study.” J. Green Build. 5 (3): 116–130. https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.5.3.116.
Rahdari, A. H., and A. A. Anvary Rostamy. 2015. “Designing a general set of sustainability indicators at the corporate level.” J. Cleaner Prod. 108: 757–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.108.
Schröpfer, V. L. M., J. Tah, and E. Kurul. 2017. “Mapping the knowledge flow in sustainable construction project teams using social network analysis.” Eng. Constr. Archit. Manage. 24 (2): 229–259. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-08-2015-0124.
Silvius, G., and R. Schipper. 2018. “Four strategic postures for sustainability in the project-based organization.” In Green production strategies for sustainability, edited by S.-B. Tsai, B. Liu, and Y. Li, 259–280. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Smyth, E., and F. Vanclay. 2017. “The social framework for projects: A conceptual but practical model to assist in assessing, planning and managing the social impacts of projects.” Impact Assess. Project Appraisal 35 (1): 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2016.1271539.
Statistik, D. 2020. Gør verdensmål til vores mål 197 danske målepunkter for en mere bæredygtig verden. København, Denmark: Danmarks Statistik. 2030-panelet.
Thiry, M., and M. Deguire. 2007. “Recent developments in project-based organisations.” Int. J. Project Manage. 25 (7): 649–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2007.02.001.
Trafik- og Byggestyrelsen. 2016. Bæredygtigt byggeri. Copenhagen, Denmark: Danish Housing and Planning Authority.
Turner, J. R., and R. Müller. 2003. “On the nature of the project as a temporary organization.” Int. J. Project Manage. 21 (3): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(02)00020-0.
Willard, B. 2005. The next sustainability wave: Building boardroom buy-in. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers.
Wright, R., and M. Stein. 2004. “Snowball sampling.” In Encyclopedia of social measurement, edited by W. Paul Vogt, 495–500. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Yin, R. K. 2014. Case study research: Design and method. 5th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Architectural Engineering
Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 28Issue 3September 2022

History

Received: Feb 22, 2021
Accepted: Apr 8, 2022
Published online: Jun 22, 2022
Published in print: Sep 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Nov 22, 2022

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Technical Univ. of Denmark, Brovej, 118, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-466X. Email: [email protected]
Lotte Bjerregaard Jensen [email protected]
Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Technical Univ. of Denmark, Brovej, 118, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. Email: [email protected]
Christian Thuesen [email protected]
Professor, Management, Technical Univ. of Denmark, Akademivej, 358, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

  • Modeling the Capabilities of High-Performing Project Management Offices in General Contracting Companies, Project Management Journal, 10.1177/87569728221148666, (875697282211486), (2023).

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share