Technical Papers
Feb 9, 2022

Analytical Investigations on the Glulam Beam-to-Column Connections Reinforced with Knee Braces

Publication: Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 28, Issue 2

Abstract

The glulam knee-braced frame structure is a type of the post-and-beam construction and has extensive application in real projects. The mechanical performance of the beam-to-column connection reinforced with knee brace has significant influence on the lateral behavior of the whole structure. However, there are limited studies on the mechanical behavior of the beam-to-column connections reinforced with knee braces. In this article, the analytical approach to calculating the load-carrying capacity of the connection with knee brace and its application to parameter study are presented and discussed. A good agreement between the experimental data and theoretical results can be achieved, but the theoretical results show some conservatism. Parameter study based on the analytical approach shows that the ultimate capacity of the connection is approximately proportional to the thickness of the knee brace. However, when the thickness of the knee brace is too large, the ultimate capacity of the connection is governed by the resistance of the glulam beam. Moreover, the ultimate capacity of the connection decreases with the decrease of the angle α (α = angle between the column and the knee brace) and the end distance of the knee brace s (s = distance between the centerline of the beam and the contact point of knee brace to column).

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51878476) for supporting this research.

References

AF&PA (American Forest & Paper Association). 2015. National design and specification for wood construction. NDS 2015. Washington, DC: AF&PA.
ASTM. 2012. Standard test methods for mechanical fasteners in wood. ASTM D1761-12. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004. Design of timber structures. Eurocode 5. EN 1995-1-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CSA (Canadian Standard Association). 2014. Engineering design in wood. O86-14. Mississauga, ON, Canada: CSA.
Gehloff, M., M. Closen, and F. Lam. 2010. “Reduced edge distances in bolted timber moment connections with perpendicular to grain reinforcements.” In Proc., 11th World Conf. on Timber Engineering. Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council.
Haller, P., and C. Chen. 1999. “Textile-reinforced joints in timber construction.” Struct. Eng. Int. 9 (4): 259–261. https://doi.org/10.2749/101686699780481736.
He, M., and H. Liu. 2015. “Comparison of glulam post-to-beam connections reinforced by two different dowel-type fasteners.” Constr. Build. Mater. 99: 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.005.
He, M., Y. Zhao, and R. Ma. 2016. “Experimental investigation on lateral performance of pre-stressed tube bolted connection with high initial stiffness.” Adv. Struct. Eng. 19 (5): 762–776. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433215622863.
He, M., J. Zhang, and Z. Li. 2017. “Influence of cracks on the mechanical performance of dowel type glulam bolted joints.” Constr. Build. Mater. 153: 445–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.095.
Jensen, J. 2005. “Quasi-non-linear fracture mechanics analysis of splitting failure in moment-resisting dowel joints.” J. Wood Sci. 51 (6): 583–588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-005-0706-y.
Johansen, K. 1949. Theory of timber connections. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering Publications.
Lam, F., M. Schulte-Wrede, C. Yao, and J. Gu. 2008. “Moment resistance of bolted timber connections with perpendicular to grain reinforcements.” In Proc., 10th World Conf. on Timber Engineering. Tacoma, WA: Engineered Wood Products Association.
Li, C., W. Liu, O. U. J. Lu W, and H. Yanag. 2010. “The seismic performance of the post-beam timber frame.” [In Chinese.] Jiangsu Constr. 03: 61–63.
Liu, H., and M. He. 2015. “Effects of self-taping screw on performance of glulam beam-to-column connections.” [In Chinese.] J. Build. Struct. 36 (7): 148–156.
MOHURD (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development). 2017a. Standard for design of timber structures. GB50005-2017. [In Chinese.] Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press.
MOHURD (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development). 2017b. Standard for design of steel structures. GB50017-2017. [In Chinese.] Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press.
Moses, D. M., and H. G. L. Prion. 2003. “A three-dimensional model for bolted connections in wood.” Can. J. Civ. Eng. 30 (3): 555–567. https://doi.org/10.1139/l03-009.
Quenneville, J. H. P., and M. Mohammad. 2000. “On the failure modes and strength of steel-wood-steel bolted timber connections loaded parallel-to-grain.” Can. J. Civ. Eng. 27 (4): 761–773. https://doi.org/10.1139/l00-020.
SAC (Standardization Administration). 2010. Mechanical properties of fasteners bolts, screws and studs. [In Chinese.] GB/T 3098.1-2010. Beijing: SAC.
Shu, Z., Z. Li, X. Yu, J. Zhang, and M. He. 2019. “Rotational performance of glulam bolted joints: Experimental investigation and analytical approach.” Constr. Build. Mater. 213: 675–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.002.
Sun, X., M. He, and Z. Li. 2020. “Novel engineered wood and bamboo composites for structural applications: State-of-art of manufacturing technology and mechanical performance evaluation.” Constr. Build. Mater. 249: 118751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118751.
Van der Put, T., and A. Leijten. 2000. “Evaluation of perpendicular to grain failure of beams caused by concentrated loads of joints.” In Proc., Int. Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction. Delft, The Netherlands: Delft University of Technology.
Wang, M., X. Song, X. Gu, and J. Tang. 2019. “Bolted glulam beam-column connections under different combinations of shear and bending.” Eng. Struct. 181 (15): 281–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.12.024.
Wang, M., X. Song, X. Gu, Y. Zhang, and L. Luo. 2015. “Rotational behavior of bolted beam-to-column connections with locally cross-laminated glulam.” J. Struct. Eng. 141 (4): 04014121. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001035.
Xiong, H., and Y. Liu. 2014. “Experimental study of the lateral resistance of bolted glulam timber post-and-beam structural systems.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (4): E4014002.
Xu, D., W. Liu, D. Zhou, and A. Xi. 2010. “Experimental study of bolted glued timber-to-timber joints.” [In Chinese.] Journal of Building Structures 32 (7): 93–100.
Yu, X. 2018. “Mechanical properties on standardized beam-to-column joint of laminated timber.” [In Chinese.] Master thesis, Dept. of Structural Engineering, Tongji Univ.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Architectural Engineering
Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 28Issue 2June 2022

History

Received: Mar 10, 2021
Accepted: Oct 29, 2021
Published online: Feb 9, 2022
Published in print: Jun 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Jul 9, 2022

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Jing Luo, S.M.ASCE [email protected]
Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Structural Engineering, Tongji Univ., Shanghai 200092, China. Email: [email protected]
Minjuan He, M.ASCE [email protected]
Professor, Dept. of Structural Engineering, Tongji Univ., Shanghai 200092, China. Email: [email protected]
Engineer, Dept. of Structural Engineering, Tongji Univ., Shanghai 200092, China. Email: [email protected]
Zheng Li, M.ASCE [email protected]
Associate Professor, Dept. of Structural Engineering, Tongji Univ., Shanghai 200092, China (corresponding author). Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share