Demountable Precast Concrete Frame–Building System for Seismic Regions: Conceptual Development
Publication: Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 23, Issue 4
Abstract
The current generation of buildings was designed and built such that the final form of a building turns into a single or monolithic unit. As a result, these buildings are demolished either at the end of their life spans or when they become obsolete in function. Demolition of a building leads to irrecoverable wastage of nonrenewable building materials, which is against the philosophy of sustainable building design. This paper presents the concept of a next-generation building (NGB) system that incorporates sustainability into the process of building design and construction. A brief overview of the philosophy, development, implementation, and barriers of NGB systems is presented. Identifying a gap in the definition of flexibility of existing NGB systems, the concept of structural flexibility is introduced and added to the list of desirable features for future NGB systems. Furthermore, a demountable concrete building system suitable for seismic regions is introduced by applying the concepts of NGB systems. The proposed building structural system comprises standard precast-concrete building components and removable dry steel connections. The proposed building system was developed with the primary motives of demountability and structural flexibility at any stage during the life span of the building. Schematic details of the building structural system and possible dry steel connections between different building components of the proposed building system are reported. The process of demounting and dismantling building components from a two-story building structural system is pictorially presented. The structural flexibility of a proposed building system is also shown for two possible scenarios during the life span of a building. Also, key features of the proposed building system were evaluated against the technical requirements of NGB systems, and the results are presented herein. Finally, advantages of the proposed building system for seismic regions are summarized.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Aninthaneni, P. K., Dhakal, R. P., and Marshall, J. (2014). “Feasibility of pinned-base connections for demountable precast frame building systems.” Proc., 23rd Australasian Conf., Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM), Southern Cross Univ., Linsmore, Australia.
Aninthaneni, P. K., Dhakal, R. P., Marshall, J., and Bothara, J. (2015). “Seismic performance of sub-assembly of a demountable precast concrete frame building.” Proc., 10th Pacific Conf., Earthquake Engineering: Building an Earthquake-Resilient Pacific, Australian Earthquake Engineering Society, McKinnon, Australia, Paper 189.
Aninthaneni, P. K., Dhakal, R. P., Marshall, J., and Bothara, J. (2016). “Experimental investigation of dry beam-column moment connections for demountable precast concrete RC frame buildings.” Proc., New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering Annual Conf. (NZSEE), New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, Wellington, New Zealand.
Aninthaneni, P. K., Dhakal, R. P., Marshall, J., and Bothara, J. (2017). “Seismic performance of beam-column sub-assemblies of a demountable precast concrete frame building.” Proc., 16th World Conf., Earthquake (WCEE), International Association for Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo.
Badir, Y. F., Kadir, M. A., and Hashim, A. H. (2002). “Industrialized building systems construction in Malaysia.” J. Archit. Eng., 19–23.
Blok, R., and Van Herwijnen, F. (2006). “Quantifying structural flexibility for performance based life cycle design of buildings.” Proc., Adaptables '06: Adaptability in Design and Construction, Conseil International de Batiment pour la Recherche, l’Etude et la Documentation, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1/16–11/20.
Charlson, A. (2008). “Recycling and reuse of waste in the construction industry.” Struct. Eng., 86(4), 32–37.
Comerio, M. C., and Blecher, H. E. (2010). “Estimating downtime from data on residential buildings after the Northridge and Loma Prieta earthquakes.” Earthquake Spectra, 26(4), 951–965.
Crowther, P. (2005a). “Design for Disassembly—Themes and principles.” BDP Environ. Des. Guide, Aug.
Crowther, P. (2005b). “Report 1: The state of building deconstruction in Australia.” CIB Pub. 300, Deconstruction and materials reuse: An international overview, A. R. Chini, ed., Conseil International de Batiment pour la Recherche, l’Etude et la Documentation, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 24–55.
Dong, Y. H., Jaillon, L., Chu, P., and Poon, C. (2015). “Comparing carbon emissions of precast and cast-in-situ construction methods—A case study of high-rise private building.” Constr. Build. Mater., 99, 39–53.
Durmisevic, E., and Brouwer, J. (2001). “Building deconstruction demountable building connections, a key to sustainable construction.” Proc., 7th Int. Conf., CIB W104: Open Building Implementation, Agile Architecture, Conseil International de Batiment pour la Recherche, l’Etude et la Documentation, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 61–74.
Elliott, K. S., Davies, G., Ferreira, M., Gorgun, H., and Mahdi, A. (2003). “Can precast concrete structures be designed as semi-rigid frames? Part 1—The experimental evidence.” Struct. Eng., 81(16), 14–27.
Englekirk, R. (1995). “Development and testing of a ductile connector for assembling precast concrete beams and columns.” PCI J., 40(2), 36–51.
fib (Fédération Internationale du Béton). (2003). “Seismic design of precast concrete building structures.” Bulletin 27: State-of-the-art report, Lausanne, Switzerland.
fib (Fédération Internationale du Béton). (2008). Structural connections for precast concrete buildings: Guide to good practice, Lausanne, Switzerland.
fib (Fédération Internationale du Béton). (2013). The fib model code for concrete structures 2010, Ernst & Sohn, Berlin.
Geraedts, R. (2010). “Success and failure in flexible building: Flexible input leads to flexible output.” Proc., 16th Int. Conf., CIB W104, Sustainable Open Building: Edificación adaptable y sostenible, Conseil International de Batiment pour la Recherche, l’Etude et la Documentation, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 73–83.
Gjerde, M., Storey, J., and Pedersen, M. (2003). “A deconstructable car parking building. In an active seismic zone.” Proc., 11th Rinker Int. Conf., Deconstruction and materials reuse, CIB Pub. 287, A. R. Chini, ed., Conseil International de Batiment pour la Recherche, l’Etude et la Documentation, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Habraken, N. J. (1972). Supports: An alternative to mass housing, Architectural Press, London.
Jaillon, L., and Poon, C. (2014). “Life cycle design and prefabrication in buildings: A review and case studies in Hong Kong.” Autom. Constr., 39, 195–202.
Kibert, C. J. (2008). Sustainable construction: Green building design and delivery, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
Kim, J., Brouwer, R., and Kearney, J. (1993). “NEXT 21: A prototype multi-family housing complex.” College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Luth, G. P. (2010). “Southern California’s School of Cinematic Arts building: A case study.” 〈https://cinema.usc.edu/assets/049/10337.pdf〉 (Mar. 10, 2017).
Ministerie van VROM, Rijksgebouwendienst. (1996). Demontabele bouwsystemen in beton, RGD, Den Haag, Netherlands.
Okamoto, S., Yashiro, T., Matsuie, M., Hayashi, M., Tanaka, R., and Watanabe, Y. (2004). “Design and construction of first skeleton-rent apartment in the private sector.” Proc., 16th CIB World Building Congress: Building for the Future, Conseil International de Batiment pour la Recherche, l’Etude et la Documentation, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Osakagas. (1993). “Osaka gas experimental residential complex.” 〈http://www.osakagas.co.jp〉.
Park, J. H. (2005). “Demountable and interchangeable construction system: R. M. Schindler’s panel post construction.” Proc., 11th Annual CIB World Sustainable Building Conf., Conseil International de Batiment pour la Recherche, l’Etude et la Documentation, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Park, R. (2003). “The fib state-of-the-art report on the seismic design of precast concrete building structures.” Proc., Pacific Conf., Earthquake Engineering (PCEE), New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, Wellington, New Zealand.
Priestley, M. N., Sritharan, S., Conley, J. R., and Pampanin, S. (1999). “Preliminary results and conclusions from the PRESSS five-story precast concrete test building.” PCI J., 44(6), 42–67.
Reinhardt, H. W. (1976). “Demountable concrete structures? Inaugural lecture at Delft Univ. of Technology.” Cement, 28(6), 266–273 (in German).
Reinhardt, H. W. (2012). “Demountable concrete structures—An energy and material saving building concept.” Int. J. Sustainable Mater. Struct. Syst., 1(1), 18–28.
Reinhardt, H. W., and Bouvy, J. J. B. J. J. (1985). “Demountable concrete structures: A challenge for precast concrete.” Proc., Int. Symp., Delft University Press, Delft, Netherlands.
Restrepo, J. I., Park, R., and Buchanan, A. H. (1993). Seismic behaviour of connections between precast concrete elements, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Richard, R. B. (2006). “Industrialized, flexible and demountable building systems: quality, economy and sustainability.” Proc., Int. Research Symp., Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate (CRIOCM), Chinese Research Institute of Construction Management, North China Electric Power Univ., Hong Kong.
Sadafi, N., Zain, M., and Jamil, M. (2012a). “Adaptable industrial building system: Construction industry perspective.” J. Archit. Eng., 140–147.
Sadafi, N., Zain, M., and Jamil, M. (2012b). “Assessment of industrial and adaptable building components for a residential layout.” Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(2), 338–348.
Sadafi, N., Zain, M. F. M., and Jamil, M. (2011). “Industrial and adaptable components for building waste reduction.” Proc., 1st IEEE Conf., Clean Energy and Technology (CET), IEEE, New York, 40–44.
Storey, J. B., Gjerde, M., Charleson, A., and Pedersen, M. (2005). “Report 6: The state of deconstruction in New Zealand.” CIB Pub. 300, Deconstruction and materials reuse: An international overview, A. R. Chini, ed., Conseil International de Batiment pour la Recherche, l’Etude et la Documentation, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 183–275.
te Dorsthorst, B. J. H., and Kowalczyk, T. (2005). “Report 5: State of deconstruction in The Netherlands.” CIB Pub. 300, Deconstruction and materials reuse: An international overview, A. R. Chini, ed., Conseil International de Batiment pour la Recherche, l’Etude et la Documentation, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 164–182.
Tiuri, U., and Kahri, E. (1998). “Characteristics of open building in experimental housing.” CIB Pub. 221, TG26: Open Building Implementation, S. Kendall, ed., Conseil International de Batiment pour la Recherche, l’Etude et la Documentation, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 101–108.
Van Gassel, F. (2003). “Experiences with the design and production of an industrial, flexible and demountable (IFD) building system.” Proc., 20th Int. Symp., Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC), Conseil International de Batiment pour la Recherche, l’Etude et la Documentation, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 209–214.
Westra, H., and Vos, H. (2003). “Demonstration projects ‘Industrial, flexible and demountable building’ in The Netherlands.” Proc., 20th Int. Symp., Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC), Conseil International de Batiment pour la Recherche, l’Etude et la Documentation, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 67–70.
Worldwideparkinggroup. (2006). “Cark park buildings in Auckland.” 〈http://www.worldwideparkinggroup.com〉.
Zeegers, A., Hermans, M., and Ang, G. (2001). “In search for design criteria for the delivery of industrialized, flexible and demountable buildings: A performance based model.” Proc., CIB World Building Congress, Conseil International de Batiment pour la Recherche, l’Etude et la Documentation, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 23 • Issue 4 • December 2017
Copyright
© 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 24, 2016
Accepted: Jun 22, 2017
Published online: Oct 6, 2017
Published in print: Dec 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Mar 6, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.