Technical Papers
Jun 22, 2017

Late Medieval Castles Built with Rammed Earth in Castile, Spain

Publication: Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 23, Issue 3

Abstract

Several of the fortifications built in the Crown of Castile during the Late Middle Ages (14th–15th centuries) used the technique of rammed earth. Five rammed-earth buildings are analyzed in the article as examples. Several of them have been erroneously dated as Islamic, despite their late construction. They were built with lime-crusted rammed earth in which the putlog holes are passant. To permit the reuse of the putlog beams, the hole is formed by a lintel of stones placed over the putlogs to allow their extraction; this is one of the differences between the Christian and Islamic Medieval Spanish rammed-earth techniques. The study of the techniques is fundamental, by establishing chronological and constructive types, to propose an approximate date when there are no architectural, aesthetic, or documented criteria that yield this information.

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Go to Journal of Architectural Engineering
Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 23Issue 3September 2017

History

Received: Nov 25, 2015
Accepted: Feb 7, 2017
Published online: Jun 22, 2017
Published in print: Sep 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Nov 22, 2017

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Ignacio-Javier Gil-Crespo [email protected]
Ph.D. Architect, José Joaquín de Mora Research Center/Cárdenas Foundation, 28035 Madrid, Spain. E-mail: [email protected]

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