Technical Papers
May 5, 2016

Understanding Green Building Design and Healthcare Outcomes: Evidence-Based Design Analysis of an Oncology Unit

Publication: Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 22, Issue 3

Abstract

Evidence-based design (EBD) studies have grown rapidly over the last decade, attempting to link traditional building design to building occupants, with a particular emphasis on healthcare settings. Additionally, there has been an increase in green building design (GBD) for most new construction; however, the effects of GBD on the use phase and occupant health is not well studied. This study captured the impact of both EBD and green building strategies by analyzing different metrics across a 3-year period for the same unit (oncology) spanning the traditional hospital (Unit 2800) space and the new green addition (Unit 5800). Of the six categories analyzed, quality of care, productivity, and utilities all stayed relatively unchanged from Unit 2800 to Unit 5800, with a slight decrease in number of staff needed due to a lower census. Expenses, staff satisfaction, and patient satisfaction saw a general upward trend from Unit 2800 to Unit 5800. As the green building industry continues to grow, quantitative analysis on occupant satisfaction and EBD, such as this study, can inform designers and healthcare providers on the impact of their green design decisions.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The project researchers would like to thank all of the personnel at Magee-Womens Hospital, specifically Andrea Aber, Greg Gibala, Barbara Hildebrand, Michael Kelly, Carly Pasquini, and Katie Smith, for their assistance in gathering and interpreting the data.

References

AHA (American Hospital Association). (2013). “Linking quality to payment.” AHA Issue papers, Chicago, 5.
AHA (American Hospital Association). (2014). “Healthcare viewer: Quick rep. Hospital look-up. Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC.” ⟨http://www.ahadataviewer.com/⟩.
Altomonte, S., and Schiavon, S. (2013). “Occupant satisfaction in LEED and non-LEED certified buildings.” Build. Environ., 68, 66–76.
Avrill, R., et al. (2003). All patient refined diagnosis related groups (APR-DRGs) version 20.0: Methodology overview, 3M Health Information Systems, Wallingford, CT, 91.
Bilec, M. M., Geary, M., Ries, R. J., Needy, K. L., and Cashion III, M. K. (2010). “A method for quantifying the benefits of greening a healthcare facility.” Eng. Manage. J., 22(3), 3–11.
Blomkvist, V., Eriksen, C., Theorell, T., Ulrich, R., and Rasmanis, G. (2005). “Acoustics and psychosocial environment in intensive coronary care.” Occup. Environ. Med., 62(3), e1.
Brown, Z., and Cole, R. J. (2009). “Influence of occupants' knowledge on comfort expectations and behaviour.” Build. Res. Inf., 37(3), 227–245.
CEA (Council of Economic Advisors). (2009). The economic case for health care reform, Washington, DC.
Choi, J. H., Beltran, L. O., and Kim, H. S. (2012). “Impacts of indoor daylight environments on patient average length of stay (ALOS) in a healthcare facility.” Build. Environ., 50, 65–75.
Collinge, W. O., Landis, A. E., Jones, A. K., Schaefer, L. A., and Bilec, M. M. (2013). “Dynamic life cycle assessment: framework and application to an institutional building.” Int. J. Life Cycle Assess., 18(3), 538–552.
Deuble, M. P., and de Dear, R. J. (2012). “Green occupants for green buildings: the missing link?.” Build. Environ., 56, 21–27.
DOE. (2013). Pennsylvania electricity generation, Washington, DC.
DOE. (2014). Building energy data book, Maryland, Washington, DC.
Elliott, M. N., et al. (2015). “Accelerating improvement and narrowing gaps: Trends in patients’ experiences with hospital care reflected in HCAHPS Public Reporting.” Health Serv. Res., 50(6).
EPA. (2010). “The inside story: A guide to indoor air quality.” EPA 402-K-93-007, United States Environmental Protection Agency & Consumer Product Safety Commission, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Bethesda, MD.
Fowler, K., Rauch, E., Henderson, J., and Kora, A. (2011). “Re-assessing green building performance: A post occupancy evaluation of 22 GSA buildings.” Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Frontczak, M., Schiavon, S., Goins, J., Arens, E., Zhang, H., and Wargocki, P. (2012). “Quantitative relationships between occupant satisfaction and satisfaction aspects of indoor environmental quality and building design.” Indoor Air, 22(2), 119–131.
Gardner, G., Collins, C., Osborne, S., Henderson, A., and Eastwood, M. (2009). “Creating a therapeutic environment: A non-randomised controlled trial of a quiet time intervention for patients in acute care.” Int. J. Nurs. Stud., 46(6), 778–786.
GGHC (Green Guide for Health Care). (2013). “Green Guide for Health Care v2.2.” ⟨http://www.gghc.org/tools.2.2overview.php⟩.
HCAHPS (Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems). (2014). “Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems.” ⟨http://www.hcahpsonline.org/home.aspx⟩.
Huisman, E. R. C. M., Morales, E., van Hoof, J., and Kort, H. S. M. (2012). “Healing environment: A review of the impact of physical environmental factors on users.” Build. Environ., 58, 70–80.
Jha, A., Orav, E. J., Zheng, J., and Epstein, A. (2008). “Patients’ perception of hospital care in the United States.” N. Engl. J. Med., 359(18), 1921–1931.
Kats, G., Alevantis, L., and Capital, E. (2003). “The costs and financial benefits of green buildings: a report to California's sustainable building task force.” A report to California’s Sustainable Building Task Force, Capital E, Washington, DC.
Loftness, V., Hakkinen, B., Adan, O., and Nevalainen, A. (2007). “Elements that contribute to healthy building design.” Environ. Health Perspect., 115(6), 965–970.
Newsham, G. R., Mancini, S., and Birt, B. J. (2009). “Do LEED-certified buildings save energy? Yes, but…” Energy Build., 41(8), 897–905.
Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J., and Pout, C. (2008). “A review on buildings energy consumption information.” Energy Build., 40(3), 394–398.
Plowman, R., et al. (2001). “The rate and cost of hospital-acquired infections occurring in patients admitted to selected specialties of a district general hospital in England and the national burden imposed.” J. Hosp. Infect., 47(3), 198–209.
Ries, R., Bilec, M. M., Gokhan, N. M., and Needy, K. L. (2006). “The economic benefits of green buildings: A comprehensive case study.” Eng. Economist, 51(3), 259–295.
Sadler, B. L., DuBose, J., and Zimring, C. (2008). “The business case for building better hospitals through evidence-based design.” Health Environ. Res. Des. J., 1(3), 22–39.
Schweitzer, M., Gilpin, L., and Frampton, S. (2004). “Healing spaces: Elements of environmental design that make an impact on health.” J. Altern. Complementary Med., 10(Supplement 1), S-71–S-83.
Seppänen, O. A., and Fisk, W. (2006). “Some quantitative relations between indoor environmental quality and work performance or health.” HVACR Res., 12(4), 957–973.
Stantec. (2011). “Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC ICU and medical/surgical unit expansion:4800 and 5800 Wings, Project Narrative.” Pittsburgh, 15.
Thiel, C. L., Needy, K. L., Ries, R., Hupp, D., and Bilec, M. M. (2014). “Building design and performance: A comparative longitudinal assessment of a Children's hospital.” Build. Environ., 78, 130–136.
Turner, C. M., Frankel, M., and U.S. Green Building Council (2008). Energy performance of LEED for new construction buildings, New Buildings Institute, White Salmon, WA.
Ulrich, R. S. (1991). “Effects of interior design on wellness: theory and recent scientific research.” Journal of Health Care Inter. Des., 3, 97–109.
USGBC (United States Green Building Council). (2013). LEED 2009 for healthcare, Washington, DC.
Vogt, J., and Nunes, K. R. (2014). “Recycling behaviour in healthcare: waste handling at work.” Ergonomics, 57(4), 525–535.
Wiik, R. (2011). “Indoor productivity measured by common response patterns to physical and psychosocial stimuli.” Indoor Air, 21(4), 328–340.
World Bank. (2014). “Health expenditure, total (% of GDP)–2012.” ⟨http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.TOTL.ZS⟩.
Zagreus, L., Huizenga, C., Arens, E., and Lehrer, D. (2004). “Listening to the occupants: A web-based indoor environmental quality survey.” Indoor Air, 14(s8), 65–74.
Zimring, C. M., et al. (2008). “A review of the research literature on evidence-based healthcare design.” Health Environ. Res. Des. J., 1(3), 61–125.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Architectural Engineering
Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 22Issue 3September 2016

History

Received: Oct 27, 2015
Accepted: Mar 4, 2016
Published online: May 5, 2016
Published in print: Sep 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Oct 5, 2016

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Nicole Campion, Ph.D. [email protected]
Dept.of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Pittsburgh. E-mail: [email protected]
Cassandra L. Thiel, Ph.D. [email protected]
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Pittsburgh. E-mail: [email protected]
Judy Focareta [email protected]
Magee-Womens Hospital, UPMC. E-mail: [email protected]
Melissa M. Bilec, Ph.D. [email protected]
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Pittsburgh (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share