Proposed Design Process for Deep Energy Savings in Commercial Building Retrofit Projects
Publication: Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 19, Issue 2
Abstract
Existing buildings, or those constructed before 2000, make up approximately 90% of the commercial building stock in the U.S. Existing buildings represent a large opportunity for reducing energy consumption in the U.S., because they account for approximately 16% of the country’s energy consumption each year. This paper presents a design process, in the form of a set of recommended practices, for achieving successful, deep energy retrofits (those that reduce energy consumption by 30% or more) in commercial buildings. These practices include forming an integrated design team, developing a process map for the design phase of the retrofit project that facilitates collaboration and communication, and routinely evaluating the energy performance of the project. This paper focuses on the predesign, schematic design, design development, and construction documents phases of a retrofit project and proposes tasks required in each of these phases to achieve deep energy savings in a retrofit project.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was also supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technology, State, and Community Programs, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
References
American Institute of Architects. (2007). Integrated project delivery: A guide, American Institute of Architects, Washington, DC.
American Institute of Architects. (2008). “A295 contract documents.” Integrated project delivery family, 〈http://www.aia.org/contractdocs/AIAS076706〉 (Jul. 20, 2012).
American National Standards Institute/American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). (2007). “Energy standard for buildings except low-rise residential buildings.” Rep. 90.1–2007, ASHRAE, Atlanta.
American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). (2011). Advanced energy design guide for small to medium office buildings: Achieving 50% energy savings toward a net zero energy building, ASHRAE, Atlanta.
Ballard, G. (2000). “Positive vs negative iteration in design.” Proc., 8th Annual Conf. Int. Group Lean Constr., Brighton, U.K., 1–8.
Ballard, G. (2006). “Rethinking project definition in terms of target costing.” Proc., 14th Annual Conf. Int. Group Lean Constr., Santiago, Chile, 77–89.
Bayraktar, M. E., and Owens, C. R. (2010). “LEED implementation guide for construction practitioners.” J. Archit. Eng., 16(3), 85–93.
Damelio, R. (1996). Process mapping, Productivity, Portland, OR.
Gibson, G. E., Jr., Kaczmarowski, J. H., and Lore, H. E., Jr. (1995). “Preproject-planning process for capital facilities.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage., 121(3), 312–318.
Higgins, C. (2011). “Deep savings in existing buildings: Using case studies in our search for success.” New buildings institute, 〈http://newbuildings.org/sites/default/files/NBI_DSEB_webinar_higgins_June2011_0.pdf〉 (Jul. 31, 2011).
ISO. (2011). “ISO 50001 energy management systems—Requirements with guidance for use.” ISO 50001, Geneva.
Kurtz, C. F., and Snowden, D. J. (2003). “The new dynamics of strategy: Sense-making in a complex and complicated world.” IBM Syst. J., 42(3), 462–483.
Lane, R., and Woodman, G. (2000). “Wicked problems, righteous solutions”: Back to the future on large complex projects.” Proc., 8th Annual Conf. Int. Group Lean Constr., Brighton, U.K.
Lichtig, W. (2005). “Ten key decisions to a successful construction project.” Proc., Am. Bar Assoc. Forum Constr. Indust., American Bar Association, Chicago, 25–32.
Lichtig, W. (2006). “The integrated agreement for lean project delivery.” Constr. Lawyer, 26(3), 53–54.
Olgyay, V., and Bendewald, M. (2011). “Deep energy savings webinar: Using case studies in your search for success.” Rocky mountain institute, 〈http://newbuildings.org/sites/default/files/NBI_DSEB_webinar_higgins_June2011_0.pdf〉 (Jul. 31, 2001).
Parrish, K., Granderson, J., Mercado, A., and Mathew, P. A. (2012). “Improving energy efficiency through commissioning: Getting started with commissioning, monitoring, and maintaining performance.” LBNL Rep., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA.
Pich, M. T., Loch, C. H., and De Meyer, A. (2002). “On uncertainty, ambiguity, and complexity in project management.” Manage. Sci., 48(8), 1008–1023.
Pietroforte, R. (1997). “Communication and governance in the building process.” Construct. Manag. Econ., 15(1), 71–82.
Pless, S. (2011). “Case studies and tools for deep energy savings in existing buildings.” National renewable energy laboratory, 〈http://newbuildings.org/sites/default/files/NBI_DSEB_webinar_higgins_June2011_0.pdf〉 (Jul. 31, 2001).
Rother, M., and Shook, J. (2003). Learning to see, Lean Enterprise Institute, Cambridge, MA.
Selkowitz, S., Granderson, J., Haves, P., and Mathew, P. A. (2010). National laboratories collaborative on building technologies commercial buildings roadmap, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA.
Selkowitz, S., Granderson, J., Haves, P., Mathew, P. A., and Harris, J. (2008). “Scale matters: An action plan for realizing sector-wide ‘zero energy’ performance goals in commercial buildings.” Rep. No. LBNL-608E, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA.
United Nations. (2009). “Copenhagen accord.” Rep. No. FCCC/CP/2009/L.7, United Nations, New York.
U.S. DOE. (2010). Buildings energy data book, U.S. DOE, Washington, DC.
U.S. DOE. (2011). “Commercial building partnerships.” 〈http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/commercial/cbp.html〉 (Jan. 31, 2011).
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2003). “Commercial buildings energy consumption survey (CBECS).” 〈http://www.eia.gov/emeu/cbecs/〉 (Jul. 5, 2011).
U.S. Green Building Council. (2007). “Leadership in energy and environmental design.” 〈 http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CategoryID=19〉 (Oct. 24, 2007).
Whole Building Design Guide. (2011). “Whole building design.” 〈http://www.wbdg.org/wbdg_approach.php〉 (Jul. 20, 2011).
World Business Council for Sustainable Development. (2007). Energy efficiency in buildings: Business realities and opportunities, World Business Council on Sustainable Development, Geneva.
Womack, J. P., Jones, D. T., and Roos, D. (1990). The machine that changed the world, Free Press, New York.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 19 • Issue 2 • June 2013
Pages: 71 - 80
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 4, 2011
Accepted: Oct 2, 2012
Published online: Oct 4, 2012
Published in print: Jun 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.