TECHNICAL PAPERS
Jul 1, 2007

Effect of Recent Load History on Laterally Loaded Piles in Normally Consolidated Clay

Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 7, Issue 4

Abstract

The response of piles subjected to lateral loading (along a single line of action) has been substantially investigated in the past. However, little attention has been devoted to studying how a change in the lateral load direction (say, from east–west to north–south) may affect the overall response. This paper describes a Winkler type of soil–pile interaction model that allows coupling between the two perpendicular directions in a systematic way, by adopting local yield surfaces along the pile. A parametric study is presented for a range of pile lengths and cross sections, applied loads, and changes in direction from previous loadings. An analogy is shown to exist between the response of the pile to changes in the direction of lateral loads and the well-known elementary constitutive phenomenon of the recent stress history. As is commonly assumed in practice the model shows that the direction of the resultant pile response does not have a large impact on the load carrying capacity of the system. However, changes in the lateral load directions alter the global stiffness response, and this could potentially play a significant role in the serviceability design.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The work described here forms part of the activities of the Special Research Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems, established and supported under the Australian Research Council’s Research Centres Program. Further, support for the second writer from the Australian Research Council through the ARC Discovery grant scheme (UNSPECIFIEDDP0558406) is gratefully acknowledged.

References

API. (1993). “Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing fixed offshore platforms—Working stress design, 20th edition.” API-RP-2A.
Ashford, S. A., and Juirnarongrit, T. (2003). “Evaluation of pile diameter effect on initial modulus of subgrade reaction.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 129(3), 234–242.
Atkinson, J. H., Richardson, D., and Stallebrass, S. E. (1990). “Effect of stress history on the stiffness of overconsolidated soil.” Geotechnique, 40(4), 531–540.
Banerjee, P. K., and Davis, T. G. (1978). “The behavior of axially and laterally loaded single piles embedded in nonhomogeneous soils.” Geotechnique, 28(3), 309–326.
Bransby, M. F. (1999). “Selection of py curves for the design of single laterally loaded piles.” Int. J. Numer. Analyt. Meth. Geomech., 23(15), 1909–1926.
Dunnavant, T. W., and O’Neill, M. W. (1989). “Experimental py model for submerged stiff clay.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 115(1), 95–114.
Einav, I. (2005). “Energy and variational principles for piles in dissipative soil.” Geotechnique, 55(7), 515–525.
Einav, I., and Randolph, M. F. (2005). “Combining upper bound and strain path methods for evaluating penetration resistance.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 63(14), 1991–2016.
Finnie, I. M. S., and Morgan, N. (2004). “Torsional loading of subsea structures.” 14th Int. Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf., International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Toulon, France, 326–333.
Fleming, W. G., Weltman, A. J., Randolph, M. F., and Elson, W. K. (1992). Piling engineering, E & FN Spon, New York.
Guo, W. D., and Lee, F. H. (2001). “Load transfer approach for laterally loaded piles.” Int. J. Numer. Analyt. Meth. Geomech., 25(11), 1101–1129.
Hetenyi, M. (1946). Beams on elastic foundations, The University of Michigan Press.
Hsiung, Y.-M. (2003). “Theoretical elastic-plastic solution for laterally loaded piles.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 129(5), 475–480.
Levy, N. H., Einav, I., and Randolph, M. F. (2005). “Modelling combined loading of piles with local interacting yield surfaces.” Int. Symp. on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics, Perth, Australia, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 873–879.
Matlock, H. (1970). “Correlations for design of laterally loaded piles in soft clay.” 2nd Offshore Technology Conf., Vol. 1, Houston, 577–594.
Matlock, H., and Reese, L. C. (1960). “Generalized solutions for laterally loaded piles.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 86(5), 63–91.
Mayoral, J. M., Pestana, J. M., and Seed, R. B. (2005). “Determination of multidirectional py curves for soft clays.” Geotech. Test. J., 28(3), 253–263.
Poulos, H. G. (1971). “Behavior of laterally loaded piles: I—Single piles.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 97(5), 711–731.
Randolph, M. F. (1981). “Response of flexible piles to lateral loading.” Geotechnique, 31(2), 247–259.
Randolph, M. F., and Houlsby, G. T. (1984). “Limiting pressure on a circular pile loaded laterally in cohesive soil.” Geotechnique, 34(4), 613–623.
Reese, L. C., and Van Impe, W. F. (2001). Single piles and pile groups under lateral loading, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Shen, W. Y., Chow, Y. K., and Yong, K. Y. (1997). “Variational approach for vertical deformation analysis of pile group.” Int. J. Numer. Analyt. Meth. Geomech., 21(11), 741–752.
Simpson, B. (1992). “Retaining structures: Displacement and design.” Geotechnique, 42(4), 541–576.
Spillers, W. R., and Stoll, R. D. (1964). “Lateral response of piles.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 90(6), 1–9.
Stallebrass, S. E., and Taylor, R. N. (1997). “Development and evaluation of a constitutive model for the prediction of ground movements in overconsolidated clay.” Geotechnique, 47(2), 235–253.
Sun, K. (1994). “Laterally loaded piles in elastic media.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 120(8), 1324–1344.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to International Journal of Geomechanics
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 7Issue 4July 2007
Pages: 277 - 286

History

Received: Feb 18, 2006
Accepted: Sep 22, 2006
Published online: Jul 1, 2007
Published in print: Jul 2007

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Nina H. Levy
Ph.D. Student, Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems, Univ. of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia.
Itai Einav
Senior Lecturer, School of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia; formerly, University of Western Australia.
Mark F. Randolph
Professor, Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems, Univ. of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share