Flexural Fatigue Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with FRP Fabric and Precured Laminate Systems
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 10, Issue 5
Abstract
Rehabilitation of existing structures with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) has been growing in popularity because they offer resistance to corrosion and a high stiffness-to-weight ratio. This paper presents the flexural strengthening of seven reinforced concrete (RC) beams with two FRP systems. Two beams were maintained as unstrengthened control samples. Three of the RC beams were strengthened with CFRP fabrics, whereas the remaining two were strengthened using FRP precured laminates. Glass fiber anchor spikes were applied in one of the CFRP fabric strengthened beams. One of the FRP precured laminate strengthened beams was bonded with epoxy adhesive and the other one was attached by using mechanical fasteners. Five of the beams were tested under fatigue loading for two million cycles. All of the beams survived fatigue testing. The results showed that use of anchor spikes in fabric strengthening increase ultimate strength, and mechanical fasteners can be an alternative to epoxy bonded precured laminate systems.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers wish to express their gratitude and sincere appreciation to the authority of Federal Highway Administration (FHwA) and the Center for Infrastructure Engineering Studies (CIES) at the University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR) for supporting this research study. They would like to thank Larry Bank from the University of Wisconsin and Nestore Galati and Jason Cox for their contribution to this research. The authors would also like to acknowledge Nathan Marshall and Jared Brewe for their effort as undergraduate research assistants.
References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). (2002). Standard specifications for highway bridges, 17th Ed., Washington, D.C.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (1991). “State-of-the-art report on anchorage to concrete.” ACI Committee 355.IR-91, Detroit.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2002b). “Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures.” ACI Committee 440.2R-02, Farmington Hills, Mich.
ASTM. (1994). “Standard test method for static modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of concrete in compression.” ASTM C 469, Vol. 04-02, Philadelphia.
ASTM. (2001). “Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens.” ASTM C 39, Vol. 04-02, Philadelphia.
ASTM. (2002). “Standard test methods and definitions for mechanical testing of steel products.” ASTM A 370, Vol. 04-02, Philadelphia.
ASTM. (2006). “Standard test method for tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials.” ASTM D 3039, Vol. 15-02, Philadelphia.
Barnes, R. A., and Mays, G. C. (1999). “Fatigue performance of concrete beams strengthened with CFRP plates.” J. Compos. Constr., 3(2), 63–72.
Borowicz, D. T. (2002). “Rapid strengthening of concrete beams with powder actuated fasteners and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials,” M.S. thesis, Univ. of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wis.
Borowicz, D. T., Bank, L. C., Nanni, A., Arora, D., Deza, U., and Rizzo, A. (2004). “Ultimate load testing and performance of bridge strengthened with fiber reinforced composite materials and powder-actuated fasteners.” Proc., 83rd Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting (CD-ROM), Washington, D.C.
Brena, S. F., Wood, S. L., and Kreger, M. E. (2002). “Fatigue tests of reinforced concrete beams strengthened using carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Durability of FRP Composites for Construction, Montreal, Quebec, 575–586.
Ekenel, M. (2004). “Durability performance of advanced construction materials used in infrastructure repair and rehabilitation systems.” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Mo.
El-Tawil, S., Ogunc, C., Okeil, A., and Shahawy, M. (2001). “Static and fatigue analyses of RC beams strengthened with CFRP laminates.” J. Compos. Constr., 5(4), 258–267.
Eshwar, N., Ibell, T., and Nanni, A. (2003). “CFRP strengthening of concrete bridges with curved soffits.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Structural Faults and Repairs, Montreal, Quebec.
Grace, N. F. (2004). “Concrete repair with CFRP.” Concr. Int., 26(5), 45–52.
Lamanna, A. J. (2002). “Flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with mechanically fastened fiber—reinforced polymer strips.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis.
Lamanna, A. J., Bank, L. C., and Scott, D. W. (2001a). “Flexural strengthening of RC beams using fasteners and FRP strips.” ACI Struct. J., 98(3), 368–376.
Lamanna, A. J., Bank, L. C., and Scott, D. W. (2001b). “Rapid flexural strengthening of RC beams using powder actuated fasteners and FRP strips.” Proc., FRPRCS-5 Fiber Reinforced Plastics for Reinforced Concrete Structures, Vol. 1, Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K., 389–397.
Lamanna, A. J., Bank, L. C., and Scott, D. W. (2001c). “Rapid strengthening of RC beams using powder actuated fasteners and FRP strips.” Proc., 5th Int. Symp. of FRP in Reinforced Concrete Structures, Cambridge, U.K., 389–397.
Lopez, M. M., Naaman, A. E., Pinkerton, L., and Till, R. D. (2003). “Behavior of RC beams strengthened with FRP laminates and tested under cyclic loading at low temperature.” Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol., 19(1–2), 108–117.
Papakonstantinou, C. G., Petrou, M. F., and Harries, K. A. (2001). “Fatigue behavior of RC beams strengthened with GFRP sheets.” J. Compos. Constr., 5(4), 246–253.
Ray, J. C., Scott, D. W., Lamanna, A. J., and Bank, L. C. (2001a). “Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete members strengthened using mechanically fastened fiber reinforced polymer plates.” Proc., U.S. Army Science Conf., Baltimore.
Ray, J. C., Velazquez, G. I., Lamanna, A. J., and Bank, L. C. (2001b). “Rapidly installed fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) plates for upgrade of reinforced concrete bridges.” High Performance Materials in Bridges and Buildings, Koha, Hawaii.
Rizzo, A. (2005). “Application in off-system bridges of mechanically fastened FRP (MF-FRP) procured laminates.” M.Sc. thesis, Univ. of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Mo.
Sagawa, Y., Matsushita, H., Takeo, K., and Saito, M. (2000). “A study on a method of anchorage of carbon sheet for flexural strengthening.” Trans. Jpn. Concr. Inst., 22, 237–242.
Senthilnath, P. S., Belarbi, A., and Myers, J. J. (2001). “Performance of CFRP strengthened RC beams in the presence of delaminations and lap splices under fatigue loading.” Proc., Composites in Construction: 2001 Int. Conf., Porto, Portugal.
Shahawy, M., and Beitelman, T. E. (1999). “Static and fatigue performance of RC beams strengthened with CFRP laminates.” J. Struct. Eng., 125(6), 613–621.
Smith, S. T., and Teng, J. G. (2001). “Interfacial stresses in plated beams.” Eng. Struct., 23, 857–871.
Yu, P., Silva, P. F., and Nanni, A. (2003). “Flexural strengthening of concrete slabs by a three-stage prestressing FRP system enhanced with presence of GFRP anchor spikes.” Proc., Composites in Construction Int. Conf., Rende (CS), Italy.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 10 • Issue 5 • October 2006
Pages: 433 - 442
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: Aug 31, 2004
Accepted: Sep 14, 2005
Published online: Oct 1, 2006
Published in print: Oct 2006
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.