Bond Behavior of Near-Surface Mounted CFRP Laminate Strips under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 10, Issue 4
Abstract
Near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate strips are used to increase the load-carrying capacity of concrete structures. This is done by inserting the CFRP strips into slits made in the concrete cover of the elements to be strengthened and gluing the strips to the concrete with an epoxy adhesive. In several cases the NSM technique has substantial advantages when compared with externally bonded laminates. To assess the bond behavior between the CFRP and concrete under monotonic and cyclic loading, an experimental program was carried out based on a series of pullout-bending tests. The influence of the bond length and loading history on the bond behavior was investigated. In this work the details of the tests are described and the obtained results discussed. Using the experimental data and an analytical-numerical strategy, a local bond stress-slip relationship was determined. A finite-element analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of the adhesive on the global response observed in the pullout-bending tests.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The first writer wishes to acknowledge the grant SFRH/BD/3259/2000 provided by FCT (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) and FSE (European Social Fund). The tests were performed at the Structural Technology Laboratory of the Technical University of Catalonia, Spain, with the help of Miguel Angel Martín and Ernesto Diaz. The writers wish to acknowledge the support provided by S&P and Bettor MBT, who supplied the material used in the study.
References
Asplund, S. O. (1949). “Strengthening bridge slabs with grouted reinforcement.” ACI J., 20(6), 397–406.
Azevedo, A. F. M., Barros, J. A. O., Sena-Cruz, J. M., and Gouveia, A. V. (2003). “Software no ensino e no projecto de estruturas. Educational software for the design of structures.” Proc., III Congresso de Luso-Moçambicano de Engenharia, J. S. Gomes, C. F. Afonso, C. C. António, and A. S. Matos, eds., Maputo, Mozambique, 81–92 (in Portuguese).
Barros, J. A. O., and Dias, S. J. E. (2003). “Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with laminate strips of CFRP.” Proc., Int. Conf. of Composites in Construction, D. Bruno, G. Spadea, and N. Swamy, eds., Cosenza, Italy, 289–294, ⟨http://www.civil.uminho.pt/composites⟩ (July 4, 2005).
Barros, J. A. O., and Fortes, A. S. (2002). “Concrete beams reinforced with carbon laminates bonded into slits.” Proc., 5th Congreso de Métodos Numéricos en Ingeniería (CD-ROM), Madrid, ⟨http://www.civil.uminho.pt/composites⟩ (July 4, 2005).
Cosenza, E., Manfredi, G., and Realfonzo, R. (1997). “Behavior and modeling of bond of FRP rebars to concrete.” J. Compos. Constr., 1(2), 40–51.
De Lorenzis, L., Rizzo, A., and La Tegola, A. (2002). “A modified pull-out test for bond of near-surface mounted FRP rods in concrete.” J. Compos. Part B: Eng., 33(8), 589–603.
Eligehausen, R., Popov, E. P., and Bertero, V. V. (1983). “Local bond stress-slip relationships of deformed bars under generalized excitations.” Rep. UCB/EERC-83/23, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (1987). “Methods testing cements.” NP-EN 196-1, CEN, Brussels.
Ezeldin, A., and Balaguru, P. (1989). “Bond behavior of normal and high strength fiber reinforced concrete.” ACI Mater. J., 86, 515–524.
Ferreira, D. R. S. M. (2001). “Pilares de betão armado reforçados com laminados de fibras de carbono. Reinforced concrete columns strengthened with CFRP laminate strips.” MSc thesis, Civil Engineering Dept., Univ. of Minho, Portugal, ⟨http://www.civil.uminho.pt/composites (July 4, 2005) (in Portuguese).
International Federation for Structural Concrete (FIB). (2000) “Bond of reinforcement in concrete.” State-of-the-Art Rep. Prepared by Task Group Bond Models: Bulletin No. 10, FIB, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Focacci, F., Nanni, A., and Bakis, C. E. (2000). “Local bond-slip relationship for FRP reinforcement in concrete.” J. Compos. Constr., 4(1), 24–31.
Hassan, T., and Rizkalla, S. (2003). “Investigation of bond in concrete structures strengthened with near surface mounted carbon fiber reinforced polymer strips.” J. Compos. Constr., 7(3), 248–257.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (1997). “Plastics—Determination of tensile properties. 5: Test conditions for unidirectional fiber-reinforced plastic composites.” ISO 527-5, ISO, Geneva.
Otter, D., and Naaman, A. E. (1986). “Steel fiber reinforced concrete under static and cyclic compressive loading.” Proc., RILEM Symp. on Developments in Fiber Reinforced Cement and Concrete. 1, Sheffield, U.K.
Schellekens, J. C. J. (1992). “Computational strategies for composite structures.” Ph.D. thesis, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
Sena-Cruz, J. M. (2004). “Strengthening of concrete structures with near-surface mounted CFRP laminate strips.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Minho, ⟨http://www.civil.uminho.pt/composites⟩ (July 4, 2005).
Sena-Cruz, J. M., and Barros, J. A. O. (2004a). “Bond between near-surface mounted CFRP laminate strips and concrete.” J. Compos. Constr., 8(6), 519–527.
Sena-Cruz, J. M., and Barros, J. A. O. (2004b). “Modeling of bond between near-surface mounted CFRP laminate strips and concrete.” Computers and Structures, Special issue: Computational Mechanics, C. Mota Soares and J. Barbosa, eds., 82/17–19, 1513–1521 (in Portugal).
Sena-Cruz, J. M. S., Barros, J. A. O., and Faria, R. M. C. M. (2001). “Assessing the embedded length of epoxy bonded carbon laminates by pull-out bending tests.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Composites in Construction, J. Figueiras, L. Juvandes, and R. Faria, eds., Porto, Portugal, 217–222, ⟨http://www.civil.uminho.pt/composites⟩ (July 4, 2005).
Tan, K., Tumialan, G., and Nanni, A. (2002). “Evaluation of CFRP systems for the strengthening of RC slabs.” Rep. CIES 02-38, Center for Infrastructure Engineering Studies, Univ. of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Mo.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 10 • Issue 4 • August 2006
Pages: 295 - 303
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: Jul 14, 2005
Accepted: Oct 6, 2005
Published online: Aug 1, 2006
Published in print: Aug 2006
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.