New Method for Testing Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Rods under Fatigue
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 4, Issue 4
Abstract
This paper presents a newly developed specimen for testing fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite reinforcements under cyclic loading. In this configuration the FRP rod is completely encased in concrete. The specimen is formed of three discrete blocks. The end blocks serve as anchors for the rod, whereas the central block provides the concrete environment to the part of the rod where failure is expected to occur. The specimen can be easily handled and uses a very simple test setup that can be adapted to all universal testing machines. An extensive research program has been initiated by the writers to study the influence of varying parameters on the fatigue performance of FRP products. Results of demonstration tests performed on a proprietary carbon FRP rod using the specimen developed are presented in this paper. The results show consistent findings and great potential for using the specimen in different situations such as tensile and cyclic testing of FRP reinforcements.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Adimi, M. R. ( 1996). “Long-term (fatigue and creep) behaviour of composite materials reinforcing elements.” Internal Rep., Dept. of Civil Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
2.
Adimi, M. R. ( 1999). “Fatigue behaviour of Aramid, carbon and glass FRP rods embedded in concrete.” PhD thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que., Canada.
3.
Adimi, M. R., Benmokrane, B., and Rahman, A. H. ( 1997). “Fatigue behaviour of GFRP bars embedded in concrete.” Proc., Annu. Conf.—CSCE, Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Sherbrooke, Que., Canada, vol. 6, 121–130.
4.
Benmokrane, B., and Chennouf, A. ( 1997). “Tensile characteristics and bond properties of AFRP and CFRP tendons for ground anchor applications.” Proc., 3rd Int. Symp. on Non-Metallic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Struct., FRPRCS-3, Japan Concrete Institute, Sapporo, Japan, vol. 2, 725–734.
5.
Chaallal, O., and Benmokrane, B. ( 1993). “Physical and mechanical performance of an innovative glass-fiber-reinforced-plastic rod for concrete and grouted anchorages.” Can. J. Civ. Engrg., 20(2), 254–268.
6.
Clarke, J. L. ( 1993). “The need for durable reinforcement.” Alternative materials for the reinforcement and prestressing of concrete, J. L. Clarke, ed., Blackie Academic & Professional, Glasgow, U.K., 1–33.
7.
Demers, C. E. ( 1997). “Tension-tension axial fatigue of carbon fiber-reinforced polymeric composites.” Recent Advances in Bridge Engineering; Proc., U.S.-Canada-Europe Workshop on Bridge Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland, 170–177.
8.
Dharan, C. K. H. ( 1975). “Fatigue failure mechanisms in a unidirectionally reinforced composite material.” Fatigue of composite materials, ASTM STP, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa., 569, 171.
9.
Kim, H. C., and Ebert, L. ( 1978). “Axial fatigue failure sequence and mechanisms in unidirectional fiber-glass composites.” J. Comp. Mat., 12, 139.
10.
Konur, O., and Matthews, F. L. ( 1989). “Effect of the properties of the constituents on the fatigue performance of composites: A review.” Composites, 20(4), 317–328.
11.
Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation. ( 1992). “Leadline carbon fibre rods.” Technical data, Yokohama, Japan.
12.
Nanni, A., Bakis, C. E., O'Neil, E. F., and Dixon, T. D. ( 1996). “Performance of FRP tendon-anchor systems for prestressing concrete structures.” PCI J., 41(1), 34–43.
13.
Ohta, T. ( 1991). “Corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete exposed to sea air.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on the Durability of Concrete, ACI SP-126, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, vol. 1, 459–477.
14.
Podolny, W. ( 1992). “Corrosion of prestressing steel and its mitigation.” PCI J., 37(5), 34–55.
15.
Rahman, A. H., Adimi, M. R., and Benmokrane, B. ( 1996). “Fatigue behaviour of FRP reinforcements encased in concrete.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Advanced Composite Mat. in Bridges and Struct., Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, Montreal, 691–698.
16.
Rahman, A. H., Adimi, M. R., and Crimi, J. ( 1997). “Fatigue behaviour of a carbon FRP grid encased in concrete.” Proc., 3rd Int. Symp. on Non-Metallic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Struct., FRPRCS-3, Japan Concrete Institute, Tokyo, vol. 2, 219–226.
17.
RILEM/CEB/FIP. ( 1983). “Bond test for reinforcement steel. 2. Pull-out test.” Recommendation RC.6, Paris.
18.
Ritter, J. E., Jr. Sullivan, J. M., Jr. and Jukus, K. ( 1978). “Application of fracture-mechanics theory to fatigue failure of optical glass fibres.” J. Appl. Physics, 49(9), 4779–4782.
19.
Salkind, M. J. ( 1972). “Fatigue of composites.” Composite materials: Testing and design, ASTM STP 497, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa., 143–169.
20.
Sims, D. F., and Brogdon, V. H. ( 1977). “Fatigue behaviour of composites under different loading modes.” Fatigue of filamentary composite materials, ASTM STP 636, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa., 185–205.
21.
Somayaji, S., Keeling, D., and Heidersbach, R. ( 1990). “Corrosion of reinforcing steel exposed to marine and freshwater environments.” Proc., Paul Klieger Symp. on Perf. of Concrete, ACI SP-122, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, 139–172.
22.
Talreja, R. ( 1987). Fatigue of composite materials, Technomic Publishing Co., Lancaster, Pa.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 4 • Issue 4 • November 2000
Pages: 206 - 213
History
Received: Mar 15, 1999
Published online: Nov 1, 2000
Published in print: Nov 2000
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.