Management of Atrazine Bearing Wastewater Using an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor–Adsorption System
Publication: Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management
Volume 9, Issue 2
Abstract
In the present investigation, an attempt was made to develop a treatment system for the management of atrazine bearing wastewater. The system consists of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by an adsorption column using waste activated carbon as the adsorbent. The UASB reactor could remove more than 80% of organic matter and 40–50% of atrazine, irrespective of the concentration of organic matter and atrazine tried. Though low concentration of atrazine did not affect the anaerobic system, higher atrazine concentration in the range of had a little effect on the treatment system. The adsorption column could remove atrazine from the UASB effluent effectively. Methanol could desorb the atrazine from the adsorbent. The regenerated adsorbent retained 80% of its original capacity. The regenerant can be utilized as a pesticide.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Adams, C. D., and Watson, T. L. (1996). “Treatability of s-triazine herbicide metabolites using powdered activated carbon.” J. Environ. Eng. 122(4), 327–330.
American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environmental Federation (APHA), (AWWA), (WEF). (1989), Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 17th Ed.
Arceivala, S. J. (1998). Wastewater treatment for pollution control, 2nd Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill, New York.
Baldauf, G., et al. (1986). Water pollution: Quality and treatment of drinking water, Springer, New York.
Behki, R. M., and Khan, S. U. (1986). “Degradation of atrazine by pseudomonas: N-dealkylation and dehalogenation of atrazine and its metabolites.” J. Agric. Food Chem. 34(4), 746–749.
Behki, R., Topp, E., Dick, W., and Germon, P. (1993). “Metabolism of the herbicide atrazine by Rhodococcus strain.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 59(6), 1955–1959.
Cairo, P. R., McElhaney, J., and Suffet, I. H. (1979). “Pilot plant testing of activated carbon adsorption systems.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 71(11), 660–673.
Christiansen, N., Hendriksen, H. V., Järvinen, K. T., and Ahring, B. K. (1995). “Degradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds in UASB reactors.” Water Sci. Technol. 31(1), 249–259.
Chung, K. H., Ro, K. S., and Roy, D. (1996) “Fate and enhancement of atrazine biotransformation in anaerobic wetland sediment.” Water Res., 30(2), 341–346.
Committee Report. (1981). “Assessing microbial activity on granular activated carbon.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 73(8), 447–454.
Cook, A. M., and Hütter, R. (1981). “S-triazine as nitrogen source for bacteria.” J. Agric. Food Chem., 29, 1135–1143.
Cook, A. M. (1987) “Biodegradation of s-triazine xenobiotics.” FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 46, 93–116.
Council of European Communities. (1980). “Council directive of 15 July, 1980 relating to the quality of water intended for humane consumption (80/778/EEC).” Official Journal of the European communities, L229.
Crowford, J. J., Sims, G. K., Mulvaney, R. L., and Radosevich, M. (1998). “Biodegradation of atrazine under denitrifying conditions.” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 49(5), 618–623.
DiLallo, R., and Albertson, O. E. (1961). “Volatile acids by direct titration.” J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 33, 356–356.
Dubourguier, H. C., Prensier, G., and Albagnac, G. (1987). “Structure and microbial characteristics of granular anaerobic sludge.” Proc., GASMAT Workshop, Lunteren, The Netherlands, 18–18.
Fang, H. P., Chen, T., Li, Y. Y., and Chui, H. K. (1996). “Degradation of phenol in wastewater in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor.” Water Res., 30(6), 1353–1360.
Gerecke, A. C., Schärer, M., Singer, H. P., Müller, S. R., Schwarzenbach, R. P., Sägesser, M., Ochsenbein, U., and Popow, G. (2002). “Sources of pesticides in surface waters in Switzerland: Pesticide loads through wastewater treatment plants—current situation and reduction potential.” Chemosphere, 48, 307–315.
Ghosh, P. K. (2002). “Treatment of atrazine bearing wastewater with anaerobic system.” PhD thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.
Glauert, A. M. (1974). Practical methods in electron microscopy, Vol. 3, North Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Grady, C. P. L., Jr., and Lim, H. C. (1980). Biological wastewater treatment—Theory and application, Marcel Dekker, New York.
Habecker, M. A. (1989). “Environmental contamination at Wisconsin pesticide mixing/loading facilities: Case study, investigation and remediation action evaluation.” Wisconsin Dept. of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection Agency Resource Management Division, Madison, Wis., 1–80.
Habets, L. H. A., and Knelissen, J. H. (1985). “Application of the UASB reactor for anaerobic treatment of paper and board mil effluent.” Water Sci. Technol., 17, 61–75.
Haist-Gulde, B., Baldauf, G., and Brauch, H. J. (1991). Water pollution, quality and treatment of drinking water, Springer, Berlin, 103–128.
Hayes, T. B., Collins, A., Lee, M., Mendoza, M., Noriega, N., Stuart, A. A., and Vonk, A. (2002). “Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant dose.” PANS, 99(8), 5476–5480.
Hendriksen, H. V., Larsen, S., and Ahring, B. K. (1992). “Influence of a supplimental carbon source on anaerobic dechlorination of pentachlorophenol in granular sludge.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 58, 365–370.
Jessee, J. A., Benoit, R. A. L., Hendricks, A. C., Allen G. C., and Neal, J. L. (1983). “Anaerobic degradation of cyanuric acid, cystein, and atrazine by a facultative anaerobic bacteria.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45, 97–102.
John, S. (1998). “Anaerobic hybrid reactors: Analysis, assessment and modification.” PhD thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.
Kearney, P. C., Kaufman, D. D., and Sheets T. J. (1965). “Metabolites of Simazine by Aspergillus fumigatus,” J. Agric. Food Chem., 13(4), 369–372.
Kearney, P. C., and Roberts, T. (1998). Pesticide remediation in soil and water, Wiley, New York.
Lettinga, G., van Velson, A. F. M., Hobma, S. W., deZeeuw, W., and Klapwijk, A. (1980). “Use of the upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor concept for biological wastewater treatment, especially for anaerobic treatment.” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 22, 699–734.
Long, T. (1987). “Groundwater contamination in the vicinity of agrochemical mixing and loading facilities.” Proc., 16th ENR Annual Conf., Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources, Ill.
Mandelbaum, R. T., Wackett, L. P., and Allan, D. L. (1993). “Mineralization of the s-triazine ring of atrazine by stable bacterial mixed cultures.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 59(6), 1695–1701.
Prakash, S. M., and Gupta, S. K. (2000). “Biodegradation of tetrachloroethylene in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor.” Bioresour. Technol., 72, 47–54.
Protzman, R. S., Lee, P.-H., Ong, S. K., and Moorman, T. B. (1999). “Treatment of formulated atrazine rinsate by Agrobacterium Radiobactor Strain J14a in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor.” Water Res., 33(6), 1399–1404.
Radosevich, M., Traina, S. J., and Tuovinen, O. H. (1995). “Degradation of binary and ternary mixture of s-triazines by a soil bacterial isolates.” J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part B, 30, 457–457.
Rousseaux, S., Hartmann, A., and Soulas, G. (2001). “Isolation and characterization of new gram-negative and gram-negative atrazine degrading bacteria from different French soil.” FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 36, 211–222.
Saybold, C. A., Mersie, W., and McNamee. (2001). “Anaerobic degradation of atrazine and metolachlor and metabolite formation in metland soil and water microcosms.” J. Environ. Qual., 30, 1271–1277.
Schalekamp, M. (1979). “The use of GAC filtration to ensure quality in drinking water from surface sources.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 71(11), 638–647.
Shapir, N., Mandelbaum, R. T., and Jacobsen, C. S. (1998). “Rapid atrazine mineralization under denitrifying conditions by Pseudomonas sp. Strain ADP in aquifer sediments.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 32(23), 3789–379.
Sontheimer, H., Crittenden, J. C., and Summers, R. S. (1988). Activated carbon for water treatment, 2nd Ed. (In English).
Sponza, D. T. (2002). “Tetrachloroethylene removal during anaerobic granulation in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor.” J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A 37(2), 213–236.
Struthers, J. K., Jayachandran, K., and Moorman, T. B. (1998). “Biodegradation of atrazine by Agrobacterium radiobacter J14a and use of this strain in Bioremediation of contaminated soil.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64, 3368–3375.
Tilche, A., and Yang, X. (1987). “Light and scanning electron microscope observation on the granule biomass of experimental SBAF and HABR reactors, 170.” Proc., GASMAT Workshop, Luntern, The Netherlands.
Tomlin, C. (1994). Pesticide manual, 10th Ed., Crop Protection Publication, Reprint 1995, British Crop Protection Council, The Royal Society of Chemistry, U.K.
U. S. National Library of Medicine (1995). Hazardous substances databank, Bethesda, Md.
Valke, D., and Vestrate, W. (1983). “A practical method to estimates the acetoclastic methanogenic biomass in anaerobic sludge.” J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 55, 1191–1191.
World Health Organization (1990). Atrazine Health and Safety Guide, Geneva, Switzerland, pp 7–16.
Wu, W. M., Nye, J., Hickey, R., and Bhatnagar, L. (1993). “Anaerobic granules developed for reductive dechlorination of chlorophenols and chlorinated ethylene.” 48th Purdu Industrial Waste Conf. Proc., Chelsia, Mich.
Young, L. Y., and Häggblom, M. M. (1990). “The anaerobic microbiology and biodegradation of aeromatic compounds.” Biotechnology and biodegradation. D. Kamely, A. Chakrabarty, and G. S. Omenn, eds., Gulf.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2005 ASCE.
History
Received: Sep 16, 2004
Accepted: Sep 16, 2004
Published online: Apr 1, 2005
Published in print: Apr 2005
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.