Removal of Trichloroethylene from Clay Soil by Series-Electrokinetic Process
Publication: Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management
Volume 7, Issue 1
Abstract
The performance of a series-electrokinetic (EK) process in treating a clay soil artificially contaminated with 300 mg/kg trichloroethylene (TCE) was investigated. Constant voltage gradients of 1 or 2 V/cm to induce the movement of electrolyte solution in the soil were applied to the EK system for 3–5 days using synthetic groundwater as processing fluid. Results show that the values of electroosmotic permeability ranged from to Increasing applied voltage and prolonging processing time resulted in a better removal efficiency. With voltage gradient of 1 V/cm, TCE removal efficiency of 75.8 and 86.4% were achieved, respectively, for 3 and 5 days EK operation. It was found that nearly 100% TCE was removed in the vicinity of anode sides. When the applied voltage gradient was raised to 2 V/cm, the remaining TCE concentration in both cathode sides was effectively removed and a total removal efficiency of 91.3% was achieved. Energy requirements per unit ton of soil treated were around 12.6–46.2 kWh/ton.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Acar, Y. B., and Alshawabkeh, A. N.(1993). “Principles of electrokinetic remediation.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 27(13), 2638–2647.
Acar, Y. B., and Alshawabkeh, A. N.(1996). “Electrokinetic remediation. I: Pilot-scale tests with lead-spiked kaolinite.” J. Geotech. Eng., 122(3), 173–185.
Alshawabkeh, A. N., Yeung, A. T., and Bricka, M. R.(1999). “Practical aspects of in situ electrokinetic extraction.” J. Geotech. Eng., 125(1), 27–35.
Bruell, C. J., Segall, B. A., and Walsh, M. T.(1992). “Electro-osmotic removal of gasoline hydrocarbons and TCE from clay.” J. Geotech. Eng., 118(1), 68–83.
Coletta, T. F., Bruell, C. F., Ryan, D. K., and Inyang, H. I.(1997). “Cation-enhanced removal of lead from kaolinite by electrokinetics.” J. Geotech. Eng., 123(12), 1227–1233.
Cox, C., Shoesmith, M. A., and Ghosh, M. M.(1996). “Electrokinetic remediation of mercury-contaminated soils using iodine/iodide lixiviant.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 30(6), 1933–1938.
Kovalick, W. W., Jr. (2001). “Perspectives on innovative characterization and remediation technologies for contamination sites.” 〈http://www.clu-in.com/tiopersp/〉 (Sept. 27, 2001).
Ho, S. V., et al. (1999a). “The Lasagna technology for in-situ soil remediation. I: Small field test.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 33(7), 1086–1091.
Ho, S. V., et al. (1999b). “The Lasagna technology for in-situ soil remediation. II. Large field test.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 33(7), 1092–1099.
Lageman, R.(1994). “Electroreclamation: applications in the Netherlands.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 27(13), 2648–1650.
Reddy, K. R., Chinthamreddy, S., and Al-Hamdan, A. (2001). “Synergistic effects of multiple metal contaminants on electrokinetic remediation of soils.” Remediation, Summer, 85–109.
Trombly, J.(1994). “Electrochemical remediation takes to the field.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 28(6), 289A–291A.
Weng, C. H., Lin, Y. H., and Hsieh, Y. H.(2000). “Electrokinetic remediation of trichloroethylene contaminated kaolinite.” J. of the Chinese Institute of Environ. Engrg., 10(4), 279–289.
Weng, C. H., and Yuan, C.(2001). “Removal of Cr(III) from clay soils by electrokinetics.” Environ. Geochemistry and Health, 23(3), 281–285.
Yang, G. C. C., and Long, Y.-W.(1999). “Removal of degradation of phenol in a saturated flow by in situ electrokinetic remediation and Fenton-like process.” J. Haz. Mat., 69(3), 259–271.
Yeung, A. T., Hsu, C., and Menon, R. M.(1996). “EDTA-enhanced electrokinetic extraction of lead.” J. Geotech. Eng., 122(8), 666–673.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management
Volume 7 • Issue 1 • January 2003
Pages: 25 - 30
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 20, 2002
Accepted: Sep 12, 2002
Published online: Dec 13, 2002
Published in print: Jan 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.