Scrape-and-Replace Method to Minimize Ammonium Transport from Animal Waste Lagoons
Publication: Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management
Volume 4, Issue 2
Abstract
Contamination of ground water due to leaking animal waste lagoons is a subject of debate in many agriculture-based states in North America. Nitrification of ammonium in the subsurface occurs under unsaturated and aerobic conditions. An excessive amount of nitrogen (in nitrate form) in drinking water supplies and in streams has significant effect on the environment. The results from this study suggest a method of effective lagoon management to minimize ammonium transport from the lagoons. Ammonium transport was simulated on a field scale liner-subsurface profile to estimate the ammonium concentrations in the soil profile for various operation scenarios. Ammonium transport properties—retardation coefficient and decay coefficient—were chosen from previously published literature on the same soil. Results indicate that the ammonium concentrations were significantly reduced in the soil profile when the scrape-and-replace technique was used. The results also suggest that higher scraping depth and frequent replacement of the top of the liner significantly reduced the ammonium concentrations leaching out of the liner.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Allison, L. E. (1947). “Effect of microorganisms on permeability of soil under prolonged submergence.” Soil Sci., 63, 439–450.
2.
Baier, D., Meyer, J. L., and Nielsen, D. R. (1974). “Manure holding pond sealing study.” Processing and management of agricultural waste, Proc., Cornell Agric. Waste Mgmt. Conf., R. C. Loehr, ed., Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.
3.
Barrington, S. F., Jutras, P. J., and Broughton, R. S. (1987a). “The sealing of soils by manure. I: Preliminary investigations.” Can. Agric. Engrg., 29, 99–104.
4.
Barrington, S. F., Jutras, P. J., and Broughton, R. S. (1987b). “The sealing of soils by manure. II: Sealing mechanisms.” Can. Agric. Engrg., 29, 105–108.
5.
Bendixon, T. W., Thomas, R. E., and Coulter, J. B. ( 1962). Study to develop practical design tank effluent. Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engrg. Ctr., U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, D.C.
6.
Ciravolo, T. G., Martens, D. C., Hallock, D. L. Jr., Collins, E. R., Kornegay, E. T., and Thomas, H. R. (1979). “Pollutant movement to shallow ground water tables from anaerobic swine waste lagoons.” J. Envir. Quality, 8, 126–130.
7.
Culley, J. L. B., and Phillips, P. A. (1989). “Retention and loss of nitrogen and solids from unlined earthen manure storages.” Trans. ASAE, 32, 677–683.
8.
DeTar, W. R. (1979). “Infiltration of liquid dairy manure into soil” Trans. ASAE, 22, 520–531.
9.
Drinking water regulations and health advisories. (1985). Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
10.
Ham, J. M., Reddi, L. N., Rice, C. W., and Murphy, J. P. (1998). “Evaluation of lagoons for containment of animal waste.” Res. Rep. Submitted to Kansas Dept. of Health and Envir., April 28.
11.
Hobson, L. ( 1991). “Impact on groundwater from livestock waste lagoons,” M.S thesis, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans.
12.
Jennings, G. D., Sneed, R. E., Huffman, R. H., Humenik, F. J., and Smolen, M. D. (1991). “Nitrate and pesticide occurrence in North Carolina wells.” Presented at the 1991 Int. Summer Meeting, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Mich.
13.
Matthew, F. L., and Harms, L. L. (1969). “Sodium adsorption ratio influence on stabilization pond sealing,” J. Water Pollution Control Fedn., 41, 383–491.
14.
McCalla, T. M. (1945). “The influence of micro-organisms and some organic substances on water percolation through a layer of Peorian loess.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 10, 175–179.
15.
Meyer, J. L., et al. (1973). “Manure waste ponding and field application.” Tech. Rep., Part II, Prepared for Stanislaus, San Joaquin, and Merced Counties, Agric. Ext. Service, University of California, Riverside, Calif.
16.
Miller, M. H., Robinson, J. B., and Gallagher, D. W. (1976). “Accumulation of nutrients in soil beneath hog manure lagoons.” J. Envir. Quality, 5, 279–282.
17.
Mitchell, J. K. (1993). Fundamentals of soil behavior, 2nd Ed., Wiley, New York.
18.
Parker, D. B., Schulte, D. D., and Eisenhauer, D. E. (1999). “Seepage from earthen animal waste ponds and lagoons—an overview of research results and state regulations.” Trans. ASAE, 42(2), 485–493.
19.
Preul, H. C. (1968). “Contaminant in groundwater near waste stabilization ponds.” J. Water Pollution Control Fedn., 40(4), 659–669.
20.
Reddi, L. N., and Davalos, H. (1999). “Animal waste containment in anaerobic lagoons lined with compacted clays.”J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg., ASCE, in press.
21.
Sewell, J. I. (1978). “Dairy lagoon effects on groundwater quality.” Trans. ASAE, 21, 948–952.
22.
Sievers, D. M., and Fulhage, C. D. (1992). “Nitrate in rural wells in Missouri.” Trans. ASAE, 35(5), 1633–1637.
23.
Simunek, J., Vogel, T., and van Genuchten, M. T. (1994). “The SWMS-2D code for simulating water flow and solute transport in two-dimensional variably saturated media.” Version 1.21, Res. Rep. No. 132, U.S. Salinity Lab., Agric. Res. Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Riverside, Calif.
24.
Sokolovskii, A. N. (1940). “Utilization of the properties of soil colloids for engineering purposes.” Pedalogy, USSR, 7, 3–21. (Trans. No. RT-85, Trans. Associated Technical Services, East Orange, N.J., 1952).
25.
Sweeten, J. M., Marek, T. H., and McReynolds, D. ( 1992). “Goundwater quality beneath cattle feedlots in Texas.” Paper No. 92-2038, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Mich.
26.
Travis, D. O., Powers, W. L., Murphy, L. S., and Lipper, R. I. (1971). “Effect of feedlot lagoon water on some physical and chemical properties of soil.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 35, 122–126.
27.
Van Genuchten, M. T. (1980). “A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44, 892–898.
28.
Westerman, P. W., Huffman, R. L., and Feng, J. S. (1995). “Swine-lagoon seepage in sandy soil.” Trans. ASAE, 38, 1749–1760.
29.
Winterer, E. V. (1922). “Percolation of water through soils.” Calif. Agric. Experiment Station Annu. Rep., July 1, 1920 to June 30, 1921, 160–161.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management
Volume 4 • Issue 2 • April 2000
Pages: 60 - 64
History
Received: Aug 5, 1999
Published online: Apr 1, 2000
Published in print: Apr 2000
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.