Shear Behavior of Compacted Rubber Fiber-Clay Composite in Drained and Undrained Loading
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 133, Issue 7
Abstract
The ductility, toughness, and resistance to tensile cracking of clays can be improved with the inclusion of short fibers. Tire buffings are derived from the tire retread process and because of their elongated shape, may be used as fiber inclusions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the drained and undrained shear strength of mixtures of clay and tire buffings. Mixtures of silty low plasticity kaolinitic clay and 10% by dry weight of tire buffings were compacted at both Standard and Modified compaction energy. Consolidated-drained and consolidated-undrained triaxial tests were run at confining stresses ranging from . Preshear and postshear permeability tests were conducted. Results showed that the peak strength of the composite is comparable to or greater than that of clay alone when tested at confining stresses below . Above this threshold, the presence of inclusions tends to degrade the strength of the clay. Changes in permeability were not significant.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Ahmed, I. (1993). Laboratory study on properties of rubber-soils, Joint Highway Research, Indiana Dept. of Transporation–Dept. of Civil Engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Ind.
Al-Refeai, T. O. (1991). “Behavior of granular soils reinforced with discrete randomly oriented inclusions.” Geotext. Geomembr., 10(4), 319–333.
Al-Tabbaa, A., and Aravinthan, T. (1998). “Natural clay-shredded tire mixtures as landfill barrier materials.” Waste Manage., 18, 9–16.
Al-Tabbaa, A., Blackwell, O., and Porter, S. A. (1997). “An investigation into the use of soil-tyre mixtures as construction material.” J. Environmental Technology, 18(9), 913–920.
Al Wahab, R. M., and El-Kedrah, M. M. (1995). “Using fibers to reduce tension cracks and shrink/swell in compacted clays.” Geoenvironment 2000, Geotechnical Special Publication No., 46, Y. B. Acar and D. E. Daniel, eds., ASCE, Reston, Va, Vol. 1, 791–805.
Ang, E. C., and Loehr, J. E. (2003). “Specimen size effects for fiber-reinforced silty clay in unconfined compression.” Geotech. Test. J., 26(2), 191–200.
ASTM. “Standard practice for use of scrap tires in civil engineering applications.” ASTM D6270-98, West Conshohoken, Pa.
Baykal, G., and Alpatlı, H. M. (1995). “Permeability of rubber soil liners under confinement.” Proc., Geoenvironment 2000, Geotechnical Special Publication No. 46, Y. B. Acar and D. E. Daniel, eds., New Orleans, 718–731.
Baykal, G., Yeşiller, N., and Köprülü, K. (1992). “Rubber clay liners against petroleum based contaminants.” Environmental geotechnology, M. Üsmen and Y. B. Acar, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 477–481.
Bishop, A. W., and Henkel, D. J. (1964). The measurement of soil properties in the triaxial test, Edward Arnold Ltd., London.
Black, B. A., and Shakoor, A. A. (1994). “A geotechnical investigation of soil-tire mixtures for engineering applications.” Proc., 1st Int. Conf. on Environmental Geotechnics, Bitech Publications, Edmonton, Canada, 617–623.
Black, D. K., and Lee, K. L. (1973). “Saturating laboratory samples by back pressure.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 99 (SM1), 75–93.
Consoli, N. C., Montardo, J. P., Prietto, P. D. M., and Pasa, G. S. (2002). “Engineering behavior of a sand reinforced with plastic waste.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 128(6), 462–472.
Consoli, N. C., Vendruscolo, M. A., and Prietto, P. D. M. (2003). “Behavior of plate load tests on soil layers improved with cement and fiber.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 129(1), 96–102.
Gray, D. H., and Al-Refeai, T. (1986). “Behavior of fabric-versus fiber-reinforced sand.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 112(8), 804–820.
Gray, D. H., and Ohashi, H. (1983). “Mechanics of fiber reinforcement in sand.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 109(3), 335–353.
Grubb, D. G., Gallagher, P. M., Wartman, J., Liu, Y., and Carnivale, M., III. (2006). “Laboratory evaluation of crushed glass-dredged material blends.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132(5), 562–576.
Head, K. H. (1986). Manual of soil laboratory testing, Vol. 3 Pentech Press Ltd., London.
Heineck, K. S., Coop, M. R., and Consoli, N. C. (2005). “Effect of microreinforcement of soils from very small to large shear strains.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(8), 1024–1033.
Kumar, R., Kanaujia, V. K., and Chandra, D. (1999). “Engineering behavior of fiber-reinforced pond ash and silty sand.” Geosynthet. Int., 6(6), 509–518.
Kumar, S., and Tabor, E. (2003). “Strength characteristics of silty clay reinforced with randomly oriented nylon fibers.” EJGE, ⟨http://ejge.com⟩ (Oct. 5, 2005).
Lyons, J. C., Hitchen, D. G., and Monticello, D. A. (1995). “Recovery of scrap rubber tires from landfills for construction uses.” Waste disposal by landfill-green ’93, W. Sarsby, ed., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 327–334.
Maher, M. H., and Gray, D. H. (1990). “Static response of sands reinforced with randomly distributed fibers.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 116(11), 1661–1677.
Maher, M. H., and Ho, Y. C. (1994). “Mechanical properties of kaolinite/fiber soil composites.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 120(8), 1381–1393.
Michalowski, R. L., and Cermak, J. (2003). “Triaxial compression of sand reinforced with fibers.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 129(2), 125–136.
Michalowski, R. L., and Zhao, A. (1996). “Failure of fiber-reinforced granular soils.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 122(3), 226–234.
Nataraj, M. S., and McManis, K. L. (1997). “Strength and deformation properties of soils reinforced with fibrillated fibers.” Geosynthet. Int., 4(1), 65–79.
Özkul, Z. H. (1998). “The effects of stress on the hydraulic conductivity of rubber soil liners permeated with gasoline.” MS thesis, Boğaziçi Univ., Istanbul, Turkey.
Özkul, Z. H. (2005). “Shear strength and deformation behavior of clay with randomly oriented tire buffing inclusions.” Ph.D. thesis, Boğaziçi Univ., Istanbul, Turkey.
Özkul, Z. H., and Baykal, G. (2006). “Shear strength of clay with rubber fiber inclusions.” Geosynthet. Int., 13(5), 173–180.
Ranjan, G., Vasan, R. M., and Charan, H. D. (1996). “Probabilistic analysis of randomly distributed fiber-reinforced soil.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 122(6), 419–426.
Santoni, R. L., Tingle, J. S., and Webster, S. L. (2001). “Engineering properties of sand-fiber mixtures for road construction.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 127(3), 258–268.
Sarıca, R. (2001). “Shear strength and deformation behavior of rubber fiber kaolinite mixtures.” MS thesis, Bögaziçi Univ., Istanbul, Turkey.
Shewbridge, S. E., and Sitar, N. (1989). “Deformation characteristics of reinforced sand in direct shear.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 115(8), 1134–1147.
Shewbridge, S. E., and Sitar, N. (1996). “Formation of shear zones in reinforced sand.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 122(11), 873–885.
Strenk, P. M., Wartman, J., Grubb, D. G., Humphrey, D. N., and Natali, M. (2007). “Variability and scale-dependency of tire derived aggregate.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 19(3), 233–241.
Yetimoğlu, T., and Salbaş, O. (2003). “A study on shear strength of sands reinforced with randomly distributed discrete fibers.” Geotext. Geomembr., 21(2), 103–110.
Zeigler, S., Leshchinsky, H. I. L., and Perry, E. D. (1998). “Effect of short polymeric fibers on crack development in clays.” Soils Found., 38(1), 247–253.
Zornberg, J. G. (2002). “Discrete framework for limit equilibrium analysis of fiber-reinforced soil.” Geotechnique, 52(8), 593–604.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Nov 15, 2005
Accepted: Jan 5, 2007
Published online: Jul 1, 2007
Published in print: Jul 2007
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.