TECHNICAL PAPERS
Dec 1, 2007

Interpretation of Secant Shear Modulus Degradation Characteristics from Pressuremeter Tests

Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 133, Issue 12

Abstract

Nonlinear shear modulus degradation characteristics are of interest in many geotechnical engineering applications, such as ground deformation caused by seismic shaking and deep excavations in clay, weathered rock, and stabilized soil. This paper presents an approach to derive the secant shear modulus degradation characteristics from in situ pressuremeter tests, which is based on a digital filter algorithm. The algorithm is described, and data preparation procedures are presented. Use of the algorithm is illustrated by means of pressuremeter data for soils stabilized with deep mixing methods on the Boston central artery/tunnel (CA/T). The nonlinear secant shear modulus degradation characteristics from the digital filter approach are shown to be in good agreement with those from the curve fitting and transformed-strain approaches. They also compare favorably with the results of other in situ and laboratory tests performed in conjunction with the CA/T stabilized soils. The algorithm is implemented by a 26-line MATLAB code in an appendix of the paper.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The writers would like to thank Professor Xiang-Song Li at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) for providing details of the digital filter algorithm. Thanks are extended to Professor Charles W. W. Ng at HKUST for his encouragement and support to pursue research on the digital filter algorithm. Part of the work summarized in this paper was performed under a research project sponsored by Bechtel/Parsons Brinckerhoff (B/PB). The writers also thank the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority, Massachusetts Highway Department and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for their support. Special recognition is extended to Al Dimillio, Richard Cheney, and Jerry DiMaggio of FHWA, and to John Hughes of Hughes Insitu Engineering Ltd. The writers are especially grateful to David Yang of Raito, Inc. for his insights and guidance regarding deep mixing methods.

References

Atkinson, J. H. (2000). “Nonlinear soil stiffness in routine design.” Geotechnique, 50(5), 487–508.
Burland, J. B. (1989). “Small is beautiful—The stiffness of soils at small strains.” Can. Geotech. J., 26(4), 499–516.
Cambridge Insitu. (2006). “Welcome to the home page of Cambridge Insitu.” ⟨http://www.cambridge-insitu.com⟩ (March 9, 2007).
Clarke, B. G. (1995). Pressuremeters in geotechnical design, Blackie and Sons, Glasgow, U.K.
Clayton, C. R. I., and Heymann, G. (2001). “Stiffness of geomaterials at very small strains.” Geotechnique, 51(3), 245–255.
Drnevich, V. P. (1972). “Undrained cyclic shear of saturated sand.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 98(8), 807–825.
Drnevich, V. P., Hardin, B. O., and Shippy, D. J. (1978). “Modulus and damping of soils by resonant-column method.” Dynamic Geotechnical Testing, STP 654, ASTM, Philadelphia, 91–125.
Fahey, M. (1998). “Deformation and in situ stress measurement.” Geotechnical Site Characterization, Proc., 1st Int. Conf. on Site Characterization, Atlanta, 49–68.
Fahey, M., and Carter, J. P. (1993). “A finite element study of the pressuremeter test in sand using a nonlinear elastic plastic model.” Can. Geotech. J., 30(2), 348–362.
Ferreira, R. S. (1992). “Interpretation of pressuremeter tests using a curve fitting technique.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta, Canada.
Hughes Insitu Engineering Ltd. (1999). “Summary of pressuremeter testing of deep soil mix in cell 3 holes 7325C4 and 7325A2.” Rep., Prepared for Bechtel/Parsons Brinckerhoff, Boston.
Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. (1996). FLAC: Fast Lagrangian analysis of continua, Version 3.3, Vol. 1–IV, Minneapolis.
Jakiel, R. (2000). “Case history: Deep soil-cement mixing at the I-90/I-93 NB interchange on the Central Artery/Tunnel Project, Contract C09A7 at Fort Point Channel Site, Boston, MA.” Proc., 25th Annual Meeting and 8th Int. Conf. and Exhibition, New York, Deep Foundations Institute, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 569–593.
Jardine, R. J. (1991). “Discussion on “Strain dependent moduli and pressuremeter tests.” Geotechnique, 41(4), 621–626.
Jardine, R. J. (1992). “Nonlinear stiffness parameters from undrained pressuremeter tests.” Can. Geotech. J., 29(3), 436–447.
Jovicic, V., and Coop, M. R. (1997). “Stiffness of coarse-grained soils at small strains.” Geotechnique, 47, 357–362.
Kovacs, W. D., Seed, H. B., and Chan, C. K. (1971). “Dynamic moduli and damping ratios for a soft clay.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 97(1), 59–75.
Li, X. S., Yang, J., and Liu, H. L. (1998). “Differentiation of noisy experimental data for interpretation of nonlinear stress-strain behavior.” J. Eng. Mech., 124(7), 705–712.
Makdisi, F. I., and Seed, H. B. (1979). “Simplified procedure for evaluating embankment response.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 105(12), 1427–1434.
Martin, P. P., and Seed, H. B. (1979). “Simplified procedure for effective stress analysis of ground response.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 105(6), 739–758.
Mathworks, Inc. (2007). “MATLAB—The language of technical computing.” ⟨http://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab/⟩ (March 9, 2007).
Ng, C. W. W., and Lings, M. L. (1995). “Effects of modeling soil nonlinearity and wall installation on backanalysis of deep excavation in stiff clay.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 121(10), 687–695.
Ng, C. W. W., and Wang, Y. (2001). “Field and laboratory measurements of small strain stiffness of decomposed granites.” Soils Found., 41(3), 57–71.
Nyquist, H. (1928). “Certain topics in telegraph transmission theory.” Trans. AIEE, 47(1), 617–644.
Oppenheim, A. V., and Schafer, R. W. (1975). Digital signal processing, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
O’Rourke, T. D., and McGinn, A. G. (2006). “Lessons learned for ground movements and soil stabilization from the Boston Central Artery.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132(8), 966–989.
Robertson, P. K., and Ferreira, R. S. (1993). “Seismic and pressuremeter testing to determine soil modulus.” Predictive Soil Mechanics, Proc., Wroth Memorial Symp., Oxford, U.K., 562–580.
Seed, H. B. (1979). “Soil liquefaction and cyclic mobility evaluation for level ground during earthquakes.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 105(2), 201–255.
Shannon, C. E. (1948). “A mathematical theory of communication.” Bell Syst. Tech. J., 27, 379–423, 623–656.
Shibuya, S., Tatsuoka, F., Teachavorasinskun, S., Kong, X. J., Abe, F., Kim, Y.-S., and Park, C.-S. (1992). “Elastic deformation properties of geomaterials.” Soils Found., 32(3), 26–46.
Silver, M. L., and Seed, H. B. (1971). “Deformation characteristics of sands under cyclic loading.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 97(8), 1081–1098.
Stokoe, K. H., Darendeli, M. B., Menq, F.-Y., and Choi, W. K. (2004). “Comparison of the linear and nonlinear dynamic properties of gravels, sands, silts, and clays.” Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 1, Berkeley, Calif., 1–4.
Stokoe, K. H., Hwang, S. K., Lee, J. N.-K., and Andrus, R. D. (1995). “Effects of various parameters on the stiffness and damping of soils at small to medium strains.” Proc., 1st Int. Conf. on Pre-failure Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials, Vol. 2, Sapporo, Japan, 785–816.
Tatsuoka, F., Jardine, R. J., Lo Presti, D., Di Benedetto, H., and Kodaka, T. (1997). “Characterizing the pre-failure deformation properties of geomaterials.” Proc., 14th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., Vol. 4, Hamburg, Germany, 2129–2164.
Tatsuoka, F., and Shibuya, S. (1991). “Modeling of nonlinear stress-strain relations of soils and rocks.” Seisan-Kenkyu, Journal of Institute of Industrial Science, Univ. of Tokyo, 44(9), 23–26.
Timoshenko, S. (1955). Strength of materials, Krieger, Huntington, N.Y.
Yamashita, S., Jamiolkowski, M., and Lo Presti, D. (2000). “Stiffness nonlinearity of three sands.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 126(10), 929–938.
Wang, Y., and Ng, C. W. W. (2005). “Effects of stress paths on the small-strain stiffness of completely decomposed granite.” Can. Geotech. J., 42(4), 1200–1211.
Wood, D. M. (1990). “Strain-dependent moduli and pressuremeter tests.” Geotechnique, 40(5), 509–512.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 133Issue 12December 2007
Pages: 1556 - 1566

History

Received: Aug 4, 2006
Accepted: Oct 27, 2006
Published online: Dec 1, 2007
Published in print: Dec 2007

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Yu Wang, M.ASCE [email protected]
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Building and Construction, City Univ. of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave., Kowloon, Hong Kong; formerly, Postdoctoral Associate, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell Univ. E-mail: [email protected]
Thomas D. O’Rourke, M.ASCE [email protected]
Professor, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share