Seasonal Deterioration of Unsurfaced Roads
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 132, Issue 7
Abstract
Seasonal deformation of unsurfaced roads was observed over several years and was studied using pavement deterioration models and finite-element analysis. The Mathematical Model of Pavement Performance is a model designed for pavement deterioration prediction and was successfully used for seasonal deterioration modeling because of its flexibility in defining the pavement structure, properties, and seasonal impact. However, these types of models are designed for highways and are somewhat limited in soils characterization and manipulation of the forces at the road–tire interface. Therefore, a three-dimensional dynamic finite-element model of a wheel rolling over soil was applied to simulate local vehicle traffic on a secondary unpaved road. These simulations were used to study the effects of vehicle speed, load, suspension system, wheel torque, and wheel slip on rutting and washboard formation. Modeling results are compared to field measurements and observations.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Field measurements of washboard formation were performed by Susan Kapp-Monaghan and Byron Young of CRREL. Specifications for the 1/4 car model were provided by Jim Lacombe of CRREL.
References
DiMaggio, F. L., and Sandler, I. S. (1971). “Material model for granular soils.” J. Eng. Mech. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 97(3), 935–950.
Eaton, R. A. (1987). “Rating unsurfaced roads.” CRREL Special Rep. 87-15, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, N.H.
Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorenson, Inc. (HKS). (1998). ABAQUS theory manual, Pawtucket, R.I.
Janoo, V. C., and Berg, R. L. (1990a). “Predicting the behavior of asphalt concrete pavements in seasonal frost areas using nondestructive techniques.” CRREL Rep. 90-10, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, N.H.
Janoo, V. C., and Berg, R. L. (1990b). “Thaw weakening of pavement structures in seasonal frost areas.” Transportation Research Record. 1286, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 217–233.
Janoo, V., and Shoop, S. (2004). “Influence of spring thaw on pavement rutting.” UNBAR6 Pavements Unbound, Nottingham, U.K., 115–124.
Mather, K. B. (1962). “The cause of road corrugations and the instability of surfaces under wheel action,” Parts 1 and 2. Civ. Eng. Public Works Rev., 57, 617–620 (pt. 1), 781–784 (pt. 2).
Mays, D. C., and Faybishenko, B. A. (2000). “Washboards in unpaved highways as a complex dynamic system.” Complexity, 5(6), 51–60.
Misoi, G. K., and Carson, R. M. (1989). “Corrugation of unmetalled roads, pt. 1, vehicle dynamics.” Proc., Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Pt. D J. Automobile Engineering, 203, No. D3, 205–214.
Saarelainen, S., Onninen, H., Kangas, H., and Pihlajamaki, J. (1999). “Full-scale accelerated testing of a pavement on thawing, frost-susceptible subgrade (CS8-3).” Proc., Int. Conf. on the Accelerated Pavement Testing, Reno, Nev. www.tieh.fi/tppt/hvsr .
Sandler, I. S., DiMaggio, F. L., and Baladi, G. Y. (1976). “Generalized cap model for geological materials.” J. Geotech. Eng. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 102(7), 683–699.
Sayers, M., and Karamihas, S. (1998). The little book of profiling, The Regents of the Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Shoop, S. A. (2001). “Finite-element modeling of tire–terrain interaction.” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Shoop, S., Affleck, R., Janoo, V., and Haehnel, R. (2003). “Modeling deformation of thawing soil under vehicle loading.” Proc., 3rd Int. Symp. on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials, Lyon, France, 931–938.
Shoop, S. A., Affleck, R., Janoo, V., Haehnel, R., and Barrett, B. (2005). “Constitutive model of a thawing, frost susceptible sand.” ERDC-CRREL Technical Rep. TR-05-3, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, N.H.
Shoop, S., Haehnel, R., Janoo, V., and Harjes, D. (2002). “Seasonal deterioration of unsurfaced roads.” Proc., Cold Regions Engineering Conf., ASCE, Reston, Va., 311–322.
Ullidtz, P. (1998). Modelling flexible pavement response and performance, Polyteknisk Forlag, Narayana Press, Gylling, Denmark.
Weale, J., and Blaisdell, G. (2002). “Changes in road roughness caused by seasonal freeze/thaw in secondary roads.” Proc., 14th Int. Conf. of the Int. Society of Terrain Vehicle Systems, Vicksburg, Miss.
World Bank. (1998). The highway design and maintenance standards model, technical description of the HDM-IV model, HMD-4, Vol. 2.
Zhang, W., and Macdonald, R. A. (2002). “The effects of freeze–thaw periods on a test pavement in the Danish road testing ma-chine.” Proc., 9th Int. Conf. on Asphalt Pavements (CD-ROM), Copenhagen, Denmark, International Society for Asphalt Pavements http://www.ctt.dtu.dk/group/rtm/ISAP_Paper338_Zhang.pdf .
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 132 • Issue 7 • July 2006
Pages: 852 - 860
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: Mar 18, 2005
Accepted: Aug 17, 2005
Published online: Jul 1, 2006
Published in print: Jul 2006
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.