Design of Compacted Lateritic Soil Liners and Covers
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 132, Issue 2
Abstract
Laboratory tests were conducted on three lateritic soil samples to illustrate some pertinent considerations in the design of compacted lateritic soil liners and covers. The three design parameters investigated are hydraulic conductivity, desiccation-induced volumetric shrinkage, and unconfined compressive strength. Test specimens were compacted at various molding water contents using four compactive efforts. The compaction conditions were shown to have some relationship with soil compaction using either the plasticity modulus or the plasticity product (i.e., clay index). For construction quality assurance purposes, the traditional approach was compared with the modern criterion. Deficiencies associated with the traditional approach for soil liners found in literature also apply to lateritic soils. Overall acceptable zones were constructed on the compaction plane to meet design objectives for hydraulic conductivity, volumetric shrinkage strains, and unconfined compressive strength. The line of optimums was identified as a suitable lower bound for overall acceptable zones of lateritic soils. The volumetric shrinkage strain was also identified as the second most important design parameter for lateritic soils. The shapes of the acceptable zones were affected by the fines contents of the soils.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
AASHTO. (1986). Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing, 14th Ed., Washington, D.C.
Abichou, T., Benson, C. H., and Edil, T. B. (2000). “Foundry green sands as hydraulic barriers. Laboratory study.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 126(12), 1174–1183.
Albrecht, B. A., and Benson, C. H. (2001). “Effect of desiccation on compacted natural clays.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 127(1), 67–75.
Benson, C. H., and Boutwell, G. P. (1992). “Compaction control and scale-dependent hydraulic conductivity of clay liners.” Proc., 15th Madison Waste Conf., Dept. of Engineering Professional Development, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, 62–83.
Benson, C. H., Daniel, D. E., and Boutwell, G. P. (1999). “Field performance of compacted clay liners.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 125(5), 390–403.
Benson, C. H., and Trast, J. (1995). “Hydraulic conductivity of thirteen compacted clays.” Clays Clay Miner., 43(6), 669–681.
Benson, C. H., Zhai, H., and Wang, X. (1994). “Estimating hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay liners.” J. Geotech. Eng., 120(2), 366–387.
Blotz, L. R., Benson, C. H., and Boutwell, G. P. (1998). “Estimating optimum water content and maximum dry unit weight for compacted clays.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124(9), 907–912.
Bowders, J. J., Loehr, J. E., and Owen, J. W. (2000). “Shear behavior of compacted silty loess.” Advances in Unsaturated Geotechnics, GSP No. 99, C. D. Shackelford, S. L. Houston, and N. Y. Chang, eds., ASCE, Reston, Va., 235–246.
British Standards Institution (BSI). (1990). “Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes.”BS 1377, BSI, London.
Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA). (1988). “Laterite in road pavements.”Special Publication 47, Transportation Road Research Laboratory, London.
Daniel, D. E. (1987). “Earthen liners for land disposal facilities.” Proc., Geotechnical Practice for Waste Disposal, R. D. Woods, ed., ASCE, Reston, Va., 21–39.
Daniel, D. E., and Benson, C. H. (1990). “Water content-density criteria for compacted soil liners.” J. Geotech. Eng., 116(12), 1811–1830.
Daniel, D. E., and Wu, Y. K. (1993). “Compacted clay liners and covers or arid sites.” J. Geotech. Eng., 119(2), 223–237.
Das, B. M. (1998). Principles of geotechnical engineering, 4th Ed., PWS, Boston.
Elsbury, B., Daniel, D. E., Sraders, G., and Anderson, D. (1990). “Lessons learned from compacted clay liner.” J. Geotech. Eng., 116(11), 1141–1660.
EPA. (1989). “Requirements for hazardous waste landfills, design,construction and closure.”Publ. No. EPA-125/4-89-022, EPA, Cincinnati.
Gidigasu, M. D. (1976). “Laterite soil engineering, paedogenesis and engineering principles.” Developments in geotechnical engineering, No. 9, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Gidigasu, M. D. (1980). “Variability of geotechnical properties of sub-grade soils in a residual profile over phyllite.” Proc., 7th Regional Conf. for Africa on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Accra, 1, 95–104.
Gidigasu, M. D., and Kuma, D. O. K. (1987). “Engineering significance of lateritisation and profile development processes.” Proc., 9th Regional Conf. for Africa on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Lagos, 1, 3–20.
Head, K. H. (1994). Manual of soil laboratory testing, Vol. 2, Pentech, London.
Osinubi, K. J. (1998a). “Influence of compactive efforts and compaction delays on lime treated soil.” J. Transp. Eng., 124(2), 149–155.
Osinubi, K. J. (1998b). “Permeability of lime-treated laterite soil.” J. Transp. Eng., 124(5), 465–469.
Peck, R. B., Hanson, W. E., and Thonburn, J. H. (1974). Foundation engineering, 2nd Ed., Wiley, New York.
Shelley, T. L., and Daniel, D. E. (1993). “Effect of gravel on hydraulic conductivity of compacted soil liners.” J. Geotech. Eng., 119(1), 54–68.
Stewart, D. I., Cousens, T. W., Studds, P. G., and Tay, Y. Y. (1999). “Design parameters for bentonite-enhanced sand as a landfill liner,” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., London, Geotech. Eng., 137, 187–195.
Wooltorton, F. L. D., (1975). “Foreword.” Laterite soil engineering: Pedogenesis and engineering principles, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 132 • Issue 2 • February 2006
Pages: 203 - 213
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: Sep 23, 2003
Accepted: Apr 16, 2005
Published online: Feb 1, 2006
Published in print: Feb 2006
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.