Compatibility with Jet A-1 of a GCL Subjected to Freeze–Thaw Cycles
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 132, Issue 12
Abstract
Needle-punched geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens subjected to 0, 5, and 12 freeze–thaw cycles in the laboratory, and GCL specimens recovered from a composite barrier wall in the Canadian Arctic after 1 and 3 years were examined to assess the hydraulic conductivity/permeability with respect to both deionized deaired water and Jet A-l. The GCL specimens recovered from the field after 3 years had a hydraulic conductivity with respect to water that was approximately 30% less than that of the GCL specimens subjected to 12 initial freeze–thaw cycles in the laboratory, suggesting that the laboratory conditions are more severe than field conditions. The combined effects of both the freeze–thaw cycles and Jet A-l permeation increased the permeability. This increase is attributed to the creation of macropores in the GCL due to freezing and to an expansion of free-pore space due to contraction of the double layer caused by permeation of Jet A-l. Although there was an increase in permeability due to the combined effect of freeze–thaw and permeation by Jet A-l, the effect was relatively small and the results suggest that the GCL continued to exhibit good performance as a hydraulic barrier when subject to extreme climatic conditions and hydrocarbons both in the laboratory and in the field.
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Acknowledgments
The barrier system at BAF-3 was constructed on behalf of the North Warning System Office, Department of National Defence, Canada. Their support throughout the project is gratefully acknowledged. The writers are also indebted to Mr. David Kempson, Geology Electron Microprobe Technologist at Queen’s University.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 132 • Issue 12 • December 2006
Pages: 1526 - 1537
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: Jan 10, 2006
Accepted: Jul 18, 2006
Published online: Dec 1, 2006
Published in print: Dec 2006
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