Lateral Resistance of Single Pile Located Near Geosynthetic Reinforced Slope
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 132, Issue 10
Abstract
An extensive program of laboratory tests was carried out to study the effect of reinforcing an earth slope on the lateral behavior of a single vertical pile located near the slope. Layers of geogrid were used to reinforce a sandy slope of 1 :1.5 made with sands of three different unit weights representing dense, medium dense, and loose relative densities. Several configurations of geogrid reinforcement with different numbers of layers, vertical spacing, and length were investigated. The experimental program also included studies of the location of pile relative to the slope crest, relative density of sand, and embedment length of pile. The results indicate that stabilizing a soil slope has a significant benefit of improving the lateral load resistance of a vertical pile. The improvement in pile lateral load was found to be strongly dependent on the number of geogrid layers, layer size, and relative density of the sand. It was also found that soil reinforcement is more effective for piles located closer to the slope crest. Based on test results, critical values are discussed and recommended.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgment
The tests were performed in the Soil Mechanics Laboratory of the Structural Engineering Department, University of Tanta, which is acknowledged.
References
Bouafia, A., and Bouguerra, A. (1995). “Centrifuge testing of the behavior of a horizontally loaded flexible pile near to a slope.” Can. Geotech. J., 32(2), 324–335.
Brinch Hansen, J. (1961). “Ultimate resistance of rigid piles against transversal forces.” Bulletin No. 12, Danish Geotechnical Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, 5–9.
Broms, B. B. (1964). “Lateral resistance of piles in cohesionless soils.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 90(3), 123–156.
Chae, K. S., Ugai, K., and Wakai, A. (2004). “Lateral resistance of short single piles and pile groups located near slopes.” Int. J. Geomech., 4(2), 93–103.
El Sawwaf, M. (2005). “Strip footing behavior on pile and sheet pile-stabilized sand slope.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(6), 705–715.
El Sawwaf, M., and Nazir, A. (2005). “Behavior of circular footings resting on confined granular soil.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(3), 359–366.
Franke, E., and Muth, G. (1985). “Scale effect in model tests on horizontally loaded piles.” Proc., 11th Int. Conf. of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, San Francisco, Vol. 2, 1011–1014.
Guido, V. A., and Sweeny, M. A. (1987). “Plate loading tests on geogrid-reinforced earth slabs.” Proc., 87th Geosynthetic Conf., New Orleans, 216–225.
Huang, C., Tatsuoka, F., and Sato, Y. (1994). “Failure mechanisms of reinforced sand slopes loaded with a footing.” Soils Found., 24(2), 27–40.
Mandal, J., and Labhane, L. (1992). “Procedure for the design and analysis of geosynthetic reinforced soil slopes.” Geotech. Geologic. Eng., 10(4), 291–319.
Meyerhof, G. G. (1995). “Behavior of pile foundations under special loading conditions.” Can. Geotech. J., 32(2), 204–222.
Meyerhof, G., Mathur, S. K., and Valsangkar, A. J. (1981). “Lateral resistance and deflection of rigid walls and piles in layered soils.” Can. Geotech. J., 18(2), 159–170.
Mezazigh, S., and Levacher, D. (1998). “Laterally loaded piles in sand: Slope effect on p-y reaction curves.” Can. Geotech. J., 35, 433–441.
Ng, C. W., and Zhang, L. M. (2001). “Three-dimensional analysis of performance of laterally loaded sleeved piles in sloping ground.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 127(6), 499–509.
Ovesen, N. K. (1979). “The use of physical models in design: The scaling law relationship.” Proc., 7th European Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 4, 318–323.
Poulos, H. G. (1976). “Behavior of laterally loaded piles near a cut or slope.” Aust. Geomech. J., 6(1), 6–12.
Sastry, V. V. R. N., and Meyerhof, G. G. (1994). “Behavior of flexible piles in layered sands under eccentric and inclined loads.” Can. Geotech. J., 31(4), 513–520.
Selvadurai, A., and Gnanendran, C. (1989). “An experimental study of a footing located on a sloped fill: Influence of a soil reinforcement layer.” Can. Geotech. J., 26(3), 467–473.
Schmidt, H. G. (1977). “Large diameter bored piles for abutments.” Proc., 9th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 107–112.
Tagaya, K., Scott, R., and Aboshi, H. (1988). “Scale effects in anchor pullout test by centrifugal technique.” Soils Found., 28(3), 1–12.
Terashi, M., Kitazume, M., Manuyama, A., and Yamamoto, Y. (1991). “Lateral resistance of a long pile in or near the slope.” Proc., Centrifuge 91, H.-Y. Ko and F. McLean, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 245–252.
Terzaghi, K. (1955). “Evaluation of coefficients of subgrade reaction.” Geotechnique, 5, 297–326.
Vesic, A. S. (1973). “Analysis of ultimate loads of shallow foundations.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 99(1), 45–73.
Yoo, C. (2001). “Laboratory investigation of bearing capacity behavior of strip footing on geogrid-reinforced sand slope.” Geotext. Geomembr., 19, 279–298.
Zornberg, J., Sitar, N., and Mitchell, J. (1998). “Performance of geosynthetic reinforced slopes at failure.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124(8), 670–683.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 132 • Issue 10 • October 2006
Pages: 1336 - 1345
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: Dec 17, 2004
Accepted: Mar 20, 2006
Published online: Oct 1, 2006
Published in print: Oct 2006
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.