Evaluation of Seismic Performance for Tunnel Retrofit Project
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 129, Issue 7
Abstract
A seismic retrofit program at Yerba Buena Island Tunnel is presented as a case history. The studies include evaluations of portal stability under earthquake excitation and performance of the tunnel liner as a result of seismic induced deformation. Due to different potential failure modes at the two portal areas, two separate evaluation techniques were utilized. Key block theory in conjunction with a Newmark type analysis was used to assess movements of a potential failure wedge at the west portal slope, while discontinuous deformation analysis was utilized at the east portal slope to evaluate a rotational mode of failure. To assess the performance of the liner subjected to design earthquakes, a two-step analysis procedure was adopted. The first step was to compute seismic induced deformations of the tunnel subjected to seismic wave propagation through the island rock without the presence of the liner. The second step, not reported in this paper, involved imposing the deformations of the tunnel onto the structural liner through spring elements that accounted for interaction between the liner and the surrounding rock. From the studies, performance of the existing tunnel supports was found to be acceptable.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Earth Mechanics, Inc. (1998a). “Report on field investigation.” Rep. prepared for HNTB and Caltrans, Contract No. 59X855, Division of Structures, Sacramento, Calif.
Earth Mechanics, Inc. (1998b). “Report on wave propagation analyses.” Rep. prepared for HNTB and Caltrans, Contract No. 59X855, Division of Structures, Sacramento, Calif.
Geomatrix. (1992). “Seismic ground motion study for west span San Francisco Bay Bridge.” Rep. prepared for California Department of Transportation, Contract No. 59N772, Sacramento, Calif.
Goodman, R. E. (1976). Methods of geological engineering in discontinuous rock, West, St. Paul, Minn.
Goodman, R. E. (1980). Introduction to rock mechanics, Wiley, New York.
HNTB. (1998). “Seismic vulnerability assessment and conceptual retrofit of Yerba Buena Island Tunnel.” Rep. prepared for Caltrans, Contract No. 59X855-A/1, Division of Structures, Sacramento, Calif.
Hoek, E., and Bray, J. W. (1981). Rock slope engineering, The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London.
Hoek, E., and Brown, E. T. (1980). Underground excavations in rock, The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London.
Hudson, M., Idriss, I. M., and Beikae, M. (1994). User’s manual for QUAD4M, A computer program to evaluate the seismic response of soil structures using finite element procedure and incorporating a compliant base, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California, Davis, Davis, Calif.
Law, H. K., and Lam, I. P. (1999a). “Applications of key block theory and DDA at Yerba Buena Island Tunnel Portals under earthquake loading.” Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation: from Theory to Practice, B. Amadei, ed., Vail, Colo.
Law, H. K., and Lam, I. P. (1999b). “Seismic performance of the Yerba Buena Island Tunnel.” Proc., 3rd National Conf. Geo-Engineering for Underground Facilities, ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 90, Fernandez and Bauer, eds., Urbana-Champaign, Ill.
Londe, P., Vigier, G., and Vormeringer, R.(1969). “Stability of rock slopes, a three dimensional study.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 95(SM7), 1141–1434.
Lysmer, J. M., and Kuhlemeyer, R. L.(1969). “Finite dynamic model for infinite media.” J. Eng. Mech. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 95(EM4), 859–877.
Newmark, N. M.(1965). “Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments. Fifth rankine lecture.” Geotechnique, 15, 139–160.
Osterberg, J. O. (1994). Capacity of drilled shafts in hard rock: Part I. Foundation drilling magazine, Association of Drilled Shaft Contractor.
Shi, G. H. (1993). Block system modeling by discontinuous deformation analysis, Computational Mechanics, Southampton, U.K.
Shi, G. H. (1995). “Numerical manifold method.” Proc., 1st. Int. Conf. on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, Taiwan, National Central Univ., Taiwan.
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. (1986). Engineering Geology Field Manual, Denver.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 129 • Issue 7 • July 2003
Pages: 575 - 589
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 15, 2001
Accepted: Jun 13, 2002
Published online: Jun 13, 2003
Published in print: Jul 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.