Factors Affecting Long-Term Efficiency of Compensation Grouting in Clays
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 129, Issue 3
Abstract
Compensation grouting has been attracting attention in recent years to control ground settlement caused by underground construction. A successful and effective application of compensation grouting depends not only on the use of a good monitoring system in the field but also on a fundamental understanding of grout behavior in soils. For compensation grouting in clay, there is a need to consider the long-term effectiveness of compensation grouting. Grout injection tests were conducted in the laboratory to examine soil fracturing patterns and consolidation effects in relation to compensation grouting. Both compaction and hydrofracturing modes of grouting were tested on kaolin clay specimens with different overconsolidation ratios. Finite-element analysis was also conducted to simulate the balloon expansion tests (ideal compaction grouting tests) and the results were compared with the data from the laboratory tests. Based on the research findings, new design criteria are proposed to improve the long-term efficiency of compensation grouting for clays.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Au, S. K. (2001). “Fundamental study of compensation grouting in clay.” PhD thesis, University of Cambridge, U.K.
Buchet, G., Soga, K., Gui, M. W., Bolton, M. D., and Hamelin, J. P. (1999). “COSMUS; New methods for compensation grouting.” Proc., Association Francaise des Travaux en Souterrain (AFTES) International Conference UNDERGROUND WORKS—Ambitions and Realities, October 25–28, 131–137.
Drammer, G. J. E., Travaes, P. D., and Drooff, E. R. (1994). “Settlement protection works for new St. Clair river rail tunnel.” Can. Tunnelling, 291–302.
Drooff, E. R., Travaes, P. D., and Forbes, J. (1995). “Soil fracture grouting to remediate settlement due to soft ground tunnelling.” Proc., Rapid Excavation and Tunnelling Conf., Society for Mining Metallurgy and Exploration, San Francisco, 21–40.
Essler, R. D., Drooff, E. R., and Falk, E. (2000). “Compensation grouting, concept, theory, and practice.” Geotechnical Special Publication No. 104, American Society of Civil Engineers, 1–15.
Harris, D. I., Pooley, A. J., Menkiti, C. O., and Stephenson, J. A. (1996). “Construction of low level tunnels below Waterloo Station with compensation grouting for Jubilee line extension.” Geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft ground, R. J. Mair and R. N. Taylor, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 361–366.
Harris, D. I., Mair, R. J., Burland, J. B., and Standing, J. R. (1999). “Compensation grouting to control tilt of Big Ben Clock Tower.” Geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft ground, O. Kusakabe, K. Fujita, and Y. Miyazaki, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 225–232.
Ikeda, S., Saito, T., Huang, Y., and Mori, A. (1996). “Settlement of storehouses during the passage of two parallel shields through.” Geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft ground, R. J. Mair and R. N. Taylor, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 367–372.
Komiya, K., Soga, K., Akagi, H., Jafari, M. R., and Bolton, M. D.(2001). “Soil consolidation associated with grouting during shield tunnelling in soft clayey ground.” Geotechnique, 51(10), 835–847.
La Fonta, J.(1998). “Puerto Rico real-time control of compensation grouting with the cyclops system.” Geotech. News, 17(2), 27–32.
Mair, R. J., and Hight, D. W.(1994). “Compensation grouting.” World Tunnelling, November, 361–367.
McKinley, J. D. (1994). “Grouted ground anchors and the soil mechanics aspects of cement grouting.” PhD thesis, University of Cambridge, U.K.
Osborne, N., Murry, K., Chegini, A., and Harris, D. I. (1997). “Construction of Waterloo Station upper level tunnels, Jubilee line extension project.” Proc., Tunnelling 97, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London, 639–662.
Pototschnik, M. J. (1992). “Settlement reduction of soil fracture grouting.” Proc., Conf., Soil Grouting, Soil improvement and Geosynthetics, ASCE, 1, 398–409.
Schweiger, H. F., and Falk, E. (1998). “Reduction of settlement by compensation grouting numerical studies and experience from Lisbon underground.” Proc., The World Tunnel Congress ’98 on Tunnel and Metropolises, Sao Paulo, April, A. Negro and A. A. Ferreira, eds., Vol. 2, 1047–1052.
Shirlaw, J. N. (1990). “Ground treatment by injection in Hong Kong with special reference to the construction of the Hong Kong mass transit railway.” MSc thesis, University of Bristol.
Shirlaw, J. N, Dazhi, W., Ganeshan, V., and Hoe, C. S. (1999). “A compensation grouting trial in Singapore marine clay.” Geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft ground, O. Kusakabe, K. Fujita, and Y. Miyazaki, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 149–154.
Soga, K., et al. (1999). “Development of compensation grouting modelling and control system.” Geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft ground, O. Kusakabe, K. Fujita, and Y. Miyazaki, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 425–430.
Sugiyama, T., et al. (1999). “Compensation grouting at the Docklands Light Lewisham Extension project.” Geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft ground, O. Kusakabe, K. Fujita, and Y. Miyazaki, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 319–324.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 129 • Issue 3 • March 2003
Pages: 254 - 262
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 26, 2001
Accepted: May 22, 2002
Published online: Feb 14, 2003
Published in print: Mar 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.