Relationship of Compressibility Parameters to Municipal Solid Waste Decomposition

Recently, there has been substantial interest in the enhancement of refuse decomposition in landfills, which results in increased settlement. In this paper, changes in waste compressibility as a function of the state of decomposition are reported. Samples representative of residential refuse were decomposed under conditions designed to simulate decomposition in both control and bioreactor landfills. Twenty four one-dimensional oedometer tests (63.5 mm cell) were performed on refuse prepared in laboratory-scale reactors for measurement of primary (Cc) and secondary $(C_{\alpha i}\text{,}$ representing creep, and $C_{\beta i}\text{,}$ representing biological) compression indices. The state of decomposition was quantified by the methane yield and the cellulose (C) plus hemicellulose (H) to lignin (L) ratio. The magnitude of compressibility was shown to increase as refuse decomposed and compressibility parameters were correlated with the state of decomposition. Initial settlement increased with decreasing $(C+H)/L$ ratio while the creep index was fairly independent of the state of decomposition. The coefficients of primary compression (Cc) for bioreactor samples showed an increasing trend with decreasing $(C+H)/L$ ratios. Cc increased from 0.16 to 0.36 as $(C+H)/L$ decreased from 1.29 to 0.25, and similar values of Cc were obtained with control samples at similar $(C+H)/L$ ratios. The creep index range was estimated at 0.02–0.03 for control and bioreactor samples in various states of decomposition. The magnitude of the biological degradation index $\left(C_{\beta i}\right)$ depended on the degradation phase with the highest value of 0.19 obtained during the phase of accelerated methane production. Proposing a single Cc for landfill settlement calculations may lead to inaccurate predictions. Properties of each waste sublayer will change as a function of the decomposition stage, and dominating processes with appropriate compressibility parameters should be applied to individual sublayers.