Hybrid Method for Analysis of Segmented Shotcrete Tunnel Linings
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 128, Issue 4
Abstract
When driving tunnels according to the New Austrian Tunneling Method. (NATM), shotcrete is applied onto the newly excavated areas of the tunnel surface. Large deformations occurring when driving tunnels under squeezing rock conditions lead to the destruction of a conventional shotcrete lining. As a remedy, segmented shotcrete linings characterized by an increased compliance have successfully been installed. In this paper a hybrid method for the analysis of such segmented tunnel linings is presented. It combines in situ displacement measurements with a thermochemomechanical material law for shotcrete. The application of this method to the Semmering pilot tunnel provides new insights into the load-carrying behavior of segmented tunnel linings.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Acker, P. (1988). “Mechanical behavior of concrete: a physico-chemical approach.” Technical Rep. Res. Rep. LCPC 152, Laboratories des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris (in French).
Acker, P., Foucrier, C., and Malier, Y. (1986). “Temperature related mechanical effects in concrete elements and optimization in the manufacturing process.” Concrete at early ages, J. Young, ed., American Concrete Institute (ACI), Detroit, 33–48.
Bažant, Z., ed. (1988). Mathematical modelling of creep and shrinkage in concrete, Wiley, Chichester.
Byfors, J. (1980). “Plain concrete at early ages.” Technical Rep., Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Coussy, O. (1995). Mechanics of porous continua, Wiley, Chichester, England.
Hellmich, C. (1999). “Shotcrete as part of the New Austrian Tunneling Method: from thermochemomechanical material modeling to structural analysis and safety assessment of tunnels.” PhD thesis, Vienna Univ. of Technology, Vienna, Austria.
Hellmich, C., Lechner, M., Lackner, R., Macht, J., and Mang, H. (2001a). “Creep in shotcrete tunnel shells.” Creep in Structures 2000-Proc., 5th IUTAM Symposium on Creep in Structures, S. Murakami and N. Ohno, eds., Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 217–229.
Hellmich, C., Mang, H., and Ulm, F.-J.(2001b). “Hybrid method for quantification of stress states in shotcrete tunnel shells: combination of 3D in-situ displacement measurements and thermochemoplastic material law.” Comput. Struct., 79(22–25), 2103–2116.
Hellmich, C., Sercombe, J., Ulm, F.-J., and Mang, H. A.(2000). “Modelling of early-age creep of shotcrete. II: Application to tunneling.” J. Eng. Mech., 126(3), 292–299.
Hellmich, C., Ulm, F.-J., and Mang, H. A.(1999a). “Consistent linearization in finite element analysis of coupled chemo-thermal problems with exo- or endothermal reactions.” Comput. Mech., 24(4), 238–244.
Hellmich, C., Ulm, F.-J., and Mang, H. A.(1999b). “Multisurface chemoplasticity I: Material model for shotcrete.” J. Eng. Mech., 125(6), 692–701.
Hellmich, C., Ulm, F.-J., and Mang, H. A.(1999c). “Multisurface chemoplasticity II: Numerical studies on NATM-tunneling.” J. Eng. Mech., 125(6), 702–714.
Kropik, C., and Mang, H.(1996). “Computational mechanics of the excavation of tunnels.” Eng. Comput., 13(7), 49–69.
Lackner, R., Hellmich, C., and Mang, H. (2002). “Constitutive modeling of cementitious materials in the framework of chemoplasticity.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 53(1).
Lackner, R., and Mang, H.A. (2001). “Cracking in shotcrete tunnel shells.” Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures, Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures (FraMCoS-4), Cachan, France, May 28–June 1, 2001, R. de Borst, J. Mazars, G. Pijaudier-Cabot, J.G.M. van Mier, eds., Vol. 2, Balkema, Rotterdam, 857–870.
Lechner, M., Hellmich, C., and Mang, H.(2001). “Short-term creep of shotcrete-thermochemoplastic material modelling and nonlinear analysis of a laboratory test and of a NATM excavation by the finite element method.” Lect. Notes Phys., 568, 47–62.
Macht, J., Hellmich, C., and Mang, H. (2000). “Hybrid analyses of shotcrete tunnel shells in squeezing rock.” CD-ROM Proc., IASS-IACM 2000 Colloquium on Computation of Shells & Spatial Structures. ISASR-NTUA, Athens.
Mang, H. (2001). “Geomechanics of tunneling in squeezing rock.” In Tytuły Nadanie w. 1999/2000, Politechnika Krakowska, Cracow, Poland, 14–35.
McCusker, T. (1982). “Soft ground tunneling.” Tunnel engineering handbook, J. Bickal and T. Kuesel, eds., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 70–92.
Moritz, B. (1999). “Ductile support system for tunnels in squeezing rock.” PhD thesis, Graz Univ. of Technology, Graz, Austria.
Pöttler, R.(1997). “Über die Wirkungsweise einer geschlitzten Spritzbetonschale [Shotcrete lining with longitudinal gaps].” Felsbau, 15(6), 422–429 (in German).
Rabcewicz, L., and Hackl, E.(1975). “Die Bedeutung der Messung im Hohlraumbau III; Erfahrungen beim Tauerntunnel [The significance of measurement in tunneling III, experiences at the ‘Tauern Tunnel’].” Der Bauingenieur, 50(7), 369–379 (in German).
Rokahr, R., and Zachow, R.(1997). “Ein neues Verfahren zur täglichen Kontrolle der Auslastung einer Spritzbetonschale [A new method for the daily monitoring of the stress intensity of a sprayed concrete lining].” Felsbau, 15(6), 430–434 (in German).
Ruetz, W., (1966). “Das Kriechen des Zementsteins im Beton und Seine Beeinflussung durch gleichzeitiges Schwinden.” [Creep of cement in concrete as influenced by simultaneous shrinkage]. Deutscher Aus- schuß für Stahlbeton, Heft 183 (in German).
Schubert, W., and Moritz, B.(1998). “Controllable ductile support system for tunnels in squeezing rock.” Felsbau, 16(4), 224–227.
Schubert, W., and Vavrovsky, G.(1996). “Die Neue Österreichische Tunnelbaumethode [The New Austrian Tunneling Method].” Öster- reichische Ingenieur- und Architekten-Zeitschrift, 142(7-8), 311–318. In German.
Sercombe, J., Hellmich, C., Ulm, F.-J., and Mang, H. A.(2000). “Modeling of early-age creep of shotcrete. I: model and model parameters.” J. Eng. Mech., 126(3), 284–291.
Smith, D., and Booker, J.(1996). “Boundary element analysis of linear thermoelastic consolidation.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 20, 457–488.
Steindorfer, A., and Schubert, W. (1997). “Application of new methods of monitoring data analysis for short term prediction in tunnelling.” Tunnels for People, Proc., World Tunnel Congress 1997, Vienna, Austria, Balkema, Rotterdam, Vol. 1, 65–69.
Ulm, F.-J. (1998). “Couplages thermochémomécaniques dans les bétons: un premier bilan. [Thermochemomechanical couplings in concretes: a first review].” Technical Rep. Laboratories des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris (in French).
Ulm, F.-J., and Coussy, O.(1995). “Modeling of thermochemomechanical couplings of concrete at early ages.” J. Eng. Mech., 121(7), 785–794.
Ulm, F.-J., and Coussy, O.(1996). “Strength growth as chemo-plastic hardening in early age concrete.” J. Eng. Mech., 122(12), 1123–1132.
Wittmann, F. (1982). Creep and shrinkage mechanisms, Wiley, Chichester, 129–161.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 2002 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 6, 2001
Accepted: Aug 9, 2001
Published online: Apr 1, 2002
Published in print: Apr 2002
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.