Approximate Displacement Influence Factors for Elastic Shallow Foundations
This article has been corrected.
VIEW CORRECTIONPublication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 125, Issue 6
Abstract
Displacement influence factors for calculating the magnitudes of drained and undrained settlements of shallow foundations are approximated by simple numerical integration of elastic stress distributions within a spreadsheet. Influence factors for circular foundations resting on soils having homogeneous (constant modulus with depth) to Gibson-type (linearly increasing modulus) profiles with finite layer thicknesses are obtained by summing the unit strains from incremental vertical and radial stress changes. The effects of foundation rigidity and embedment are addressed by approximate modifier terms obtained from prior finite-element studies. Results are compared with closed-form analytical and rigorous numerical solutions, where available. A new solution for Gibson soil of finite thickness is presented.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Beradi, R., Jamiolkowski, M., and Lancellotta, R. ( 1991). “Settlement of shallow foundations in sands: selection of stiffness on the basis of penetration resistance.” Geotech. Engrg. Congress 1991, ASCE, Reston, Va., 1, 185–200.
2.
Boswell, L. F., and Scott, C. R. ( 1975). “A flexible circular plate on a heterogeneous elastic half-space: influence coefficients for contact stress and settlement.” Geotechnique, London, 25(3), 604–610.
3.
Brown, P. T. ( 1969a). “Numerical analyses of uniformly loaded circular rafts on elastic layers of finite depth.” Geotechnique, London, 19(2), 301–306.
4.
Brown, P. T. ( 1969b). “Numerical analyses of uniformly loaded circular rafts on deep elastic foundations.” Geotechnique, London, 19(3), 399–404.
5.
Burland, J. B. ( 1970). “Discussion of Session A.” Proc., Conf. on In-Situ Investigations in Soils and Rocks, British Geotechnical Society, London, 61–62.
6.
Burland, J. B. ( 1989). “Ninth Bjerrum Memorial Lecture: Small is beautiful: the stiffness of soils at small strains.” Can. Geotech. J., Ottawa, Canada, 26(4), 499–516.
7.
Carrier, III, W. D., and Christian, J. T. ( 1973). “Rigid circular plate resting on a non-homogeneous elastic half-space.” Geotechnique, London, 23(1), 67–84.
8.
Christian, J. T., and Carrier, III, W. D. ( 1978). “Janbu, Bjerrum, and Kaernsli's chart reinterpreted.” Can. Geotech. J., Ottawa, Canada, 15(1), 123–128.
9.
D'Appolonia, D. J., Poulos, H. G., and Ladd, C. C. (1971). “Initial settlement of structures on clay.”J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 97(10), 1359–1377.
10.
Davis, E. H., and Poulos, H. G. ( 1968). “The use of elastic theory for settlement prediction under three-dimensional conditions.” Geotechnique, London, 18(1), 67–91.
11.
Fellenius, B. H. ( 1996). Basics of foundation design: a geotechnical textbook and a background to the UniSoft programs. BiTech Publishers, Richmond, Canada.
12.
Foott, R., and Ladd, C. C. (1981). “Undrained settlement of plastic and organic clays.”J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 107(8), 1079–1094.
13.
Fraser, R. A., and Wardle, L. J. ( 1976). “Numerical analysis of rectangular rafts on layered foundations.” Geotechnique, London, 26(4), 613–630.
14.
Gibson, R. E. ( 1967). “Some results concerning displacements and stresses in a nonhomogeneous elastic half-space.” Geotechnique, London, 17(1), 58–67.
15.
Harr, M. E. ( 1966). Foundations of theoretical soil mechanics . McGraw-Hill, New York.
16.
Harr, M. E. ( 1977). Mechanics of particulate media . McGraw-Hill, New York.
17.
Holtz, R. D., and Kovacs, W. D. ( 1981). An introduction to geotechnical engineering . Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
18.
Horikoshi, K., and Randolph, M. F. ( 1997). “On the definition of raft-soil stiffness ratio for rectangular rafts.” Geotechnique, London, 47(5), 1055–1061.
19.
Jamiolkowski, M., Lancellotta, R., and LoPresti, D. C. F. ( 1995). “Remarks on the stiffness at small strains of six Italian clays.” Pre-failure deformation of geomaterials, Vol. 2, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 817–836.
20.
Jamiolkowski, M., Lancellotta, R., LoPresti, D. C. F., and Pallara, O. ( 1994). “Stiffness of Toyoura sand at small and intermediate strain.” Proc., 13th Int. Conf. on Soil. Mech. and Found. Engrg., Vol. 3, New Delhi, India, 169–173.
21.
Janbu, N. ( 1969). “The resistance concept applied to deformations of soils.” Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., Vol. 1, Mexico City, 191–196.
22.
Jardine, R. J., Fourie, A., Maswoswe, J., and Burland, J. B. ( 1985). “Field and lab measurements of soil stiffness.” Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., Vol. 2, San Francisco, 511–514.
23.
Lambe, T. W., and Whitman, R. V. ( 1979). Soil mechanics, SI version . Wiley, New York.
24.
Lancellotta, R. ( 1995). Geotechnical engineering . Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
25.
LoPresti, D. C. F. ( 1995). “General report: measurements of shear deformation of geomaterials.” Pre-failure deformation of geomaterials, Vol. 2, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1067–1088.
26.
LoPresti, D. C. F., Pallara, O., and Puci, I. ( 1995). “A modified commercial triaxial testing system for small strain measurements.” Geotech. Testing J., 18(1), 15–31.
27.
Perloff, W. H., and Baron, W. ( 1976). Soil mechanics: principles and applications . Wiley, New York.
28.
Poulos, H. G. ( 1968). “The behaviour of a rigid circular plate resting on a finite elastic layer.” Civ. Engrg. Trans., Sydney, Australia, 10, 213–219.
29.
Poulos, H. G., and Davis, E. ( 1974). Elastic solutions for soil and rock mechanics . Wiley, New York.
30.
Schmertmann, J. H. (1970). “Static cone to compute static settlement over sand.”J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 96(3), 1011–1043.
31.
Schmertmann, J. H. ( 1986). “Dilatometer to compute foundation settlement.” Use of in-situ tests in geotechnical engineering, ASCE, Reston, Va., 303–321.
32.
Schmertmann, J. H., Hartman, J. P., and Brown, P. R. (1978). “Improved strain influence factor diagrams.”J. Geotech. Engrg., Div., ASCE, 104(8), 1131–1135.
33.
Skempton, A. W., and Bjerrum, L. ( 1957). “A contribution to the settlement analysis of foundations on clay.” Geotechnique, London, 7(4), 168–178.
34.
Small, J. C. ( 1995). “FLEA5—finite layer elastic analysis: users manual for PC version for Windows.” Rep. FLEA5, Ctr. for Geotech. Res., University, of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
35.
Stamatopoulos, A. C., and Kotzias, P. C. ( 1978). “Soil compressibility as measured in the oedometer.” Geotechnique, London, 28(4), 363–375.
36.
Stark, R. F., and Booker, J. R. ( 1997). “Surface displacements of a nonhomogeneous elastic half-space subjected to uniform surface tractions.” Int. J. Numer. and Analytical Methods in Geomech., 21(6), 361–395.
37.
Széchy, K., and Varga, L. ( 1978). Foundation engineering: soil exploration and spread foundations . Technical University of Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
38.
Tatsuoka, F., and Shibuya, S. ( 1992). “Deformation characteristics of soils and rocks from field and laboratory tests.” Rep., Inst. of Industrial Sci., The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 37(1).
39.
Tatsuoka, F., Teachavorasinsku, S., Dong, J., Kohata, Y., and Sato, T. ( 1994). “Importance of measuring local strains in cyclic triaxial tests on granular materials.” Dynamic geotechnical testing II, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa., 288–302.
40.
Teferra, A., and Schultz, E. ( 1988). Formulae, charts, and tables in the area of soil mechanics and foundation engineering . Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
41.
Ueshita, K., and Meyerhof, G. G. (1967). “Deflection of multilayer soil systems.”J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 93(5), 257–282.
42.
Ueshita, K., and Meyerhof, G. G. ( 1968). “Surface displacement of an elastic layer under uniformly-distributed loads.” Highway Res. Rec. 228, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1–10.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 125 • Issue 6 • June 1999
Pages: 453 - 460
History
Received: Jun 8, 1998
Published online: Jun 1, 1999
Published in print: Jun 1999
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.