Shield Tunnel Construction in Centrifuge
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 125, Issue 4
Abstract
A large number of centrifuge model tests for simulating the shield construction process in dry sand was carried out by using a newly developed 100 mm diameter miniature shield tunnel. Different construction processes were modeled by three series of tests. A “buried tube test” was conducted to measure the lining stress under a centrifugal acceleration, a “tail void test” simulated the process of tail void formation only, and a “shield test” dealt with the complete process of shield construction. Lining stresses, transverse and longitudinal surface settlements, and earth pressures around the tunnel were simultaneously measured during advancement of the shield at a centrifugal acceleration of 25g. The lining stress at the crown elevation was well predicted by Terzaghi's loosening earth pressure. From the comparison with the recent field measurements and the comparative results of three series of tests, it was confirmed that the shield construction process was successfully simulated in a centrifuge. An experimental formula for estimating the surface settlement above the shield was deduced by a function of tail void thickness and cover-to-diameter ratio.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Akagi, H., and Komiya, K. ( 1996). “Finite element simulation of shield tunneling processes in soft ground.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Geotech. Aspects of Underground Constr. in Soft Ground, R. J. Mair and R. N. Talor, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 447–452.
2.
Akagi, H., and Komiya, K. ( 1997). “Finite element analyses of the interaction of a pare of shield tunnels.” Proc., 14th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., 1449–1452.
3.
Ata, A. A. ( 1996). “Ground settlement induced by slurry shield tunneling in stratified soils.” Proc., North Am. Tunneling 96, I. Ozdemir, ed., Vol. 1, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 43–50.
4.
Attewell, P. B., and Woodman, J. P. ( 1982). “Predicting the dynamics of ground settlement and its derivatives caused by tunnelling in soil.” Ground Engrg., London, 15(8), 13–22.
5.
Bolton, M. D., Lu, Y. C., and Sharma, J. S. ( 1996). “Centrifuge models of tunnel construction and compensation grouting.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Geotech. Aspects of Underground Constr. in Soft Ground, R. J. Mair and R. N. Talor, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 471–476.
6.
Fujii, N., Kusakabe, O., Keto, H., and Maeda, Y. ( 1988). “Bearing capacity of a footing with an uneven base on slope: Direct comparison of prototype and centrifuge model behavior.” Proc., Centrifuge '88, J.-F. Corte, ed., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 301–306.
7.
Fujita, K. ( 1981). “On the surface settlements caused by various methods of shield tunnelling.” Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., Vol. 4, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 609–610.
8.
Imamura, S., Nomoto, T., Mito, K., Ueno, K., and Kusakabe, O. ( 1996). “Design and development of underground construction equipment in a centrifuge.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Geotech. Aspects of Underground Constr. in Soft Ground, R. J. Mair and R. N. Talor, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 531–536.
9.
Inokuma, A., and Ishimura, T. ( 1995). “Earth pressure acting on shield driven tunnels in soft ground.” Proc., Underground Constr. in Soft Ground, Fujita and Kusakabe, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 221–224.
10.
James, R. G., and Larsen, H. ( 1977). “Centrifugal model tests of buried rigid pipes.” Proc., 9th ICSMFE, Vol. 1, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 567–570.
11.
Kastner, R., Ollier, C., and Guibert, G. ( 1996). “In situ monitoring of the Lyons Metro D line extension.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Geotech. Aspects of Underground Constr. in Soft Ground, R. J. Mair and R. N. Talor, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 701–706.
12.
Kimura, T., Takemura, J., Hirooka, A., Okamura, M., and Park, J. ( 1994). “Excavation in soft clay using an in-flight excavator.” Proc., Centrifuge 94, C. F. Leung, F. H. Lee, and T. S. Tan, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 649–654.
13.
Kurihara, K. ( 1995). “Report on current shield tunnelling method in Japan.” Proc., Underground Constr. in Soft Ground, Fujita and Kusakabe, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 111–114.
14.
Kusakabe, O., Hagiwara, T., Nomoto, T., Mito, K., and Nakamatsu, U. ( 1990). “Experimental evaluation of earth pressures and lining stresses of tunnels in sand.” Proc., Int. Congr. on Tunnel and Underground Works, Today and Future, China, 529–536.
15.
Kuwahara, H., Yamazaki, T., and Kusakabe, O. ( 1997). “Ground deformation mechanism of shield tunneling due to tail void formation in soft clay.” Proc., 14th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., Vol. 2, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1457–1460.
16.
Lee, K. M., and Rowe, R. K. ( 1989). “Effects of undrained strength an isotropy on surface subsidences induced by the construction of shallow tunnels.” Can. Geotech. J., Ottawa, 26, 279–291.
17.
Lee, K. M., and Rowe, R. K. ( 1991). “An analysis of three-dimensional ground movements: The Thunder Bay tunnel.” Can. Geotech. J., Ottawa, 28, 25–41.
18.
Mair, R. J. ( 1995). “Geotechnical aspects of tunnelling in soft ground.” Proc., Underground Constr. in Soft Ground, Fujita and Kusakabe, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 13–22.
19.
Mair, R. J., and Taylor, R. N. ( 1998). “Bored tunnelling in the urban environment.” Proc., 14th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., Vol. 4, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
20.
Mair, R. J., Taylor, R. N., and Burland, J. B. ( 1996). “Prediction of ground movements and assessment of risk of building damage due to bored tunnelling.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Geotech. Aspects of Underground Constr. in Soft Ground, R. J. Mair and R. N. Talor, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 713–718.
21.
Marshall, M. A., Milligan, G. W. E., and Mair, R. J. ( 1996). “Movement and stress changes in London clay due to the construction of pipe jack.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Geotech. Aspects of Underground Constr. in Soft Ground, R. J. Mair and R. N. Talor, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 719–724.
22.
Moh, Z.-C., Hwang, R. N., and Ju, D. H. ( 1996). “Ground movements around tunnels in soft ground.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Geotech. Aspects of Underground Constr. in Soft Ground, R. J. Mair and R. N. Talor, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 725–730.
23.
Nomoto, T. ( 1996). “Centrifugal modelling for behavior of surrounding ground and lining stress during shield tunnel construction,” PhD thesis, University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
24.
Nomoto, T., Mito, K., Imamura, S., Ueno, K., and Kusakabe, O. ( 1994). “A miniature shield tunneling machine for a centrifuge.” Proc., Centrifuge '94, C. F. Leung, F. H. Lee, and T. S. Tan, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 699–704.
25.
Nomoto, T., Mito, K., Imamura, S., Ueno, K., and Kusakabe, O. ( 1996). “Centrifuge modelling of construction processes of shield tunnel.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Geotech. Aspects of Underground Constr. in Soft Ground, R. J. Mair and R. N. Talor, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 531–536.
26.
Nomoto, T., Mori, H., and Matsumoto, M. ( 1995). “Overview of ground movement during shield tunnelling: A survey on Japanese shield tunneling.” Proc., Underground Constr. in Soft Ground, Fujita and Kusakabe, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 345–351.
27.
O'Reilly, M. P., and New, B. M. ( 1982). “Settlement above tunnels in the United Kingdom—their magnitude and prediction.” Tunnelling 82, IMM, London, 173–181.
28.
Peck, R. B. ( 1969). “Deep excavation and tunneling in soft ground.” Proc., 7th ICSMFE (Mexico), State of the Art Vol., 225–290.
29.
Potts, D. M., and Addenbrooke, T. I. ( 1996). “The influence of an existing surface structure on the ground movements due to tunneling.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Geotech. Aspects of Underground Constr. in Soft Ground, R. J. Mair and R. N. Talor, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 573–578.
30.
Rowe, R. K., and Lee, K. M. ( 1992). “Observed and calculated pore pressures and deformations induced by an earth balance shield.” Can. Geotech. J., Ottawa, 30, 476–490.
31.
Rowe, R. K., Lo, K. Y., and Kack, G. J. ( 1983). “A method of estimating surface settlement above shallow tunnels constructed in soft ground.” Can. Geotech. J., Ottawa, 20, 11–22.
32.
Shimizu, M., and Niibori, T. ( 1995). “Ten-year measurement of forces acting on lining of shield driven tunnels.” Proc., Underground Constr. in Soft Ground, Fujita and Kusakabe, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 249–252.
33.
Skiker, A., and Chambon, P. ( 1994). “Face stability of tunnels constructed using the mechanical precutting tunneling method.” Proc., Centrifuge 94, C. F. Leung, F. H. Lee, and T. S. Tan, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 713–718.
34.
Suzuki, M., Komada, T., Nakagawa, H., Hashimoto, T., and Satsukawa, Y. ( 1996). “Measurement of earth and water pressures acting on the greath depth tunnel segment.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Geotech. Aspects of Underground Constr. in Soft Ground, R. J. Mair and R. N. Talor, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 613–619.
35.
Terzaghi, K. ( 1943). Theoretical soil mechanics . Chapman and Hall, London.
36.
Tohda, J., Mikasa, M., and Hachiya, M. ( 1988). “Earth pressure on underground rigid pipes: Centrifuge model tests on FEM analysis.” Proc., Centrifuge '88, J.-F. Corte, ed., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 395–402.
37.
Tohda, J., Yoshimura, H., Ohi, K., and Seki, H. ( 1991). “Centrifuge model tests on several problems of buried pipes.” Proc., Centrifuge 91, H.-Y. Ko and F. G. Mclean, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 83–90.
38.
Yamada, K., Yoshida, T., Magata, H., and Hashoto, S. ( 1986). “Behavior of ground displacement due to shield thrusting in alluvial subsoils and its prediction analysis.” Proc., Japan Soc. of Civ. Engrs., VI(8), 103– 112 (in Japanese).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
History
Received: Mar 2, 1998
Published online: Apr 1, 1999
Published in print: Apr 1999
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.