Earthquake-Induced Displacements of Solid-Waste Landfills
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 124, Issue 3
Abstract
The response of municipal solid-waste landfills at high levels of earthquake shaking is explored. Results from fully nonlinear dynamic analyses indicate that the seismic response of a landfill, particularly the seismic loading for the cover, can vary significantly due to reasonable variations of waste properties, fill heights, site conditions, and design rock motions. However, for the base sliding case, the maximum seismic loading depends primarily on the amplitude (peak acceleration) and frequency content (mean period) of the design rock motion and the dynamic response characteristics of the landfill represented by its initial fundamental period. The calculated permanent base displacement is largely a function of the ky/kmax ratio, but it is also influenced significantly by the intensity, frequency content, and duration of the design rock motion and the dynamic response characteristics of the landfill and its foundation. Charts with normalized parameters are presented, which aid in the development of preliminary estimates of the expected seismic loading and displacement. These analytical results are consistent with observations from available case records.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Abrahamson, N. A., and Silva, W. J. (1996). “Empirical ground motion models.”Rep. Prepared for Brookhaven Nat. Lab.
2.
Anderson, D. G., and Kavazanjian, E. Jr. (1995). “Performance of landfills under seismic loading.”3rd Int. Conf. on Recent Adv. in Geotech. Engrg. and Soil Dyn., Univ. of Mo. at Rolla, St. Louis, Mo., III, 1557–1587.
3.
Augello, A. J., Bray, J. D., Leonards, G. A., Repetto, P. C., and Byrne, R. J. (1995a). “Response of landfills to seismic loading.”Proc., Geoenvironment 2000, ASCE Geotech. Spec. Publ. No. 46, ASCE, Reston, Va., 1051–1065.
4.
Augello, A. J., Matasovic, N., Bray, J. D., Kavazanjian, E. Jr., and Seed, R. B. (1995b). “Evaluation of solid waste landfill performance during the Northridge earthquake.”Earthquake design and performance of solid waste landfills. ASCE Geotech. Spec. Publ. No. 54, M. K. Yegian and W. D. L. Finn, eds., ASCE, Reston, Va., 17–50.
5.
Augello, A. J., Bray, J. D., Abrahamson, N. A., and Seed, R. B.(1998). “Dynamic properties of solid waste based on back-analysis of OII landfill.”J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg., ASCE, 124(3), 211–222.
6.
Borcherdt, R. D.(1994). “Estimates of site-dependent response spectra for design (methodology and justification).”Earthquake Spectra, 10(4), 617–653.
7.
Bray, J. D., Augello, A. J., Leonards, G. A., Repetto, P. C., and Byrne, R. J.(1995). “Seismic stability procedures for solid waste landfills.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 121(2), 139–151.
8.
Bray, J. D., Augello, A. J., Leonards, G. A., Repetto, P. C., and Byrne, R. J.(1996). “Closure to `Seismic stability procedures for solid-waste landfills.”' J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 122(11), 952–954.
9.
Bray, J. D., Rathje, E. M., Augello, A. J., and Merry, S. M. (1998). “Simplified seismic design procedure for lined solid-waste landfills.”Geosynthesis Int. J., 4, in press.
10.
Buranek, D., and Prasad, S. (1991). “Sanitary landfill performance during the Loma Prieta earthquake.”Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Recent Adv. in Geotech. Earthquake Engrg. and Soil Dyn., Univ. of Mo. at Rolla, St. Louis, Mo., 1655–1660.
11.
Chopra, A. K., and Zhang, L. (1991). “Base sliding response of concrete gravity dams to earthquakes.”Rep. No. UCB/EERC-91/05, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
12.
Elton, D. J., Shie, C.-F., and Hadj-Hamou, T. (1991). “One- and two-dimensional analysis of earth dams.”Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Recent Adv. in Geotech. Earthquake Engrg. and Soil Dyn., 1043–1049.
13.
Finn, W. D. L. (1988). “Dynamic analysis in geotechnical engineering.”Earthquake engineering and soil dynamics II. ASCE Geotech. Spec. Publ. No. 20, J. L. Von Thun, ed., ASCE, Reston, Va., 523–591.
14.
Franklin, A. G., and Chang, F. K. (1977). “Earthquake resistance of earth and rockfill dams.”Misc. Paper S-71-17, U.S. Army Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
15.
Gazetas, G., and Uddin, N.(1994). “Permanent deformation on preexisting sliding surfaces in dams.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 120(11), 2041–2061.
16.
Harder, L. S. Jr. (1991). “Performance of earth dams during the Loma Prieta earthquake.”Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Recent Adv. in Geotech. Earthquake Engrg. and Soil Dyn., Univ. of Mo. at Rolla., St. Louis, Mo., 1673.
17.
Idriss, I. M. (1991). “Procedures for selecting earthquake ground motions at rock sites.”Rep. Prepared for Nat. Inst. of Standards and Technol., Univ. of California.
18.
Idriss, I. M., Fiegel, G. L., Hudson, M. B., Mundy, P. K., and Herzig, R. (1995). “Seismic response of the operating industries landfill.”Earthquake design and performance of solid waste landfills. ASCE Geotech. Spec. Publ. No. 54, M. K. Yegian and W. D. L. Finn, eds., ASCE, Reston, Va., 83–118.
19.
Idriss, I. M., and Sun, J. I. (1992). User's manual for SHAKE91. Ctr. for Geotech. Modeling, Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., Univ. of California, Davis, Calif.
20.
Kavazanjian, E. Jr., and Matasovic, N. (1995). “Seismic analysis of solid waste landfills.”Proc., Geoenvironment 2000, ASCE Geotech. Spec. Publ. No. 46, ASCE, Reston, Va., 1066–1080.
21.
Kavazanjian, E. Jr., Matasovic, N., Bonaparte, R., and Schmertmann, G. R. (1995). “Evaluation of MSW properties for seismic analysis.”Proc., Geoenvironment 2000, ASCE Geotech. Spec. Publ. No. 46, ASCE, Reston, Va., 1126–1141.
22.
Kavazanjian, E. Jr., Matasovic, N., Stokoe, K. H., and Bray, J. D.(1996). “In situ shear wave velocity of solid waste from surface wave measurements.”Proc., 2nd Int. Congr. on Environ. Geotechnics, 1, 97–102.
23.
Kramer, S. L., and Smith, M. W.(1997). “Modified Newmark model for seismic slope displacement of compliant slopes.”J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg., ASCE, 123(7), 635–644.
24.
Lee, M. K. W., and Finn, W. D. L. (1978). “DESRA-2, dynamic effective stress response analysis of soil deposits with energy transmitting boundary including assessment of liquefaction potential.”Soil Mech. Ser. No. 36, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
25.
Lin, J. S., and Whitman, R. V.(1983). “Decoupling approximation in the evaluation of earthquake-induced plastic slip in earth dams.”Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dyn., 11, 667–678.
26.
Ling, H. I., and Leshchinsky, D.(1997). “Seismic stability and permanent displacement of landfill cover systems.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 123(2), 113–122.
27.
Makdisi, F. I., and Seed, H. B.(1978). “Simplified procedure for estimating dam and embankment earthquake-induced deformations.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 104(7), 849–867.
28.
Matasovic, N. (1993). “Seismic response of composite horizontally-layered soil deposits.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Calif.
29.
Matasovic, N., Kavazanjian, E. Jr., and Abourjeily, F.(1995). “Dynamic properties of solid waste from field observations.”Proc., 1st Int. Conf. on Earthquake Geotech. Engrg, Tokyo, Japan, 1, 549–555.
30.
Matasovic, N., and Vucetic, M.(1995). “Seismic response of soil deposits composed of fully-saturated clay and sand layers.”Proc., 1st Int. Conf. on Earthquake Geotech. Engrg., Tokyo, Japan, 1, 611–616.
31.
Newmark, N. M.(1965). “Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments.”Geotechnique, 15(2), 139–160.
32.
Pyke, R., and Beikae, M. (1991). “TNMN.” Taga Engineering Software Services, Lafayette, Calif.
33.
Rathje, E. M., Abrahamson, N., and Bray, J. D.(1998). “Simplified content estimates of earthquake ground motions.”J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg., ASCE, 124(2), 150–159.
34.
Seed, H. B., and Martin, G. R.(1966). “The seismic coefficient in earth dam design.”J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 92(3), 25–58.
35.
Seed, H. B.(1979). “Considerations in the earthquake-resistant design of earth and rockfill dams.”Geotechnique, London, England, 29(3), 215–263.
36.
Seed, H. B., Wong, R. T., Idriss, I. M., and Tokimatsu, K. (1984). “Moduli and damping factors for dynamic analysis of cohesionless soils.”Rep. UCB/EERC-84/14, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
37.
Seed, R. B., and Bonaparte, R. (1992). “Seismic analysis and design of lined waste fills: Current practice.”Proc., ASCE Spec. Conf. on Stability and Perf. of Slopes and Embankments, II, ASCE, Reston, Va., 1152–1187.
38.
Seed, R. B., Dickenson, S., and Mok, C. M. (1991). “Seismic response analyses of soft and deep cohesive sites: A brief summary of recent lessons.”Proc., 1st Annu. CALTRANS Seismic Res. Seminar, CALTRANS.
39.
Singh, S., and Sun, J. (1995). “Seismic evaluation of municipal solid waste landfills.”Proc., Geoenvironment 2000, ASCE Geotech. Spec. Publ. No. 46, ASCE, Reston, Va., 1081–1096.
40.
Trifunac, M. D., and Brady, A. G.(1975). “A study of the duration of strong earthquake ground motion.”Bull., Seismological Soc. of Am., 65, 581–626.
41.
“Solid waste disposal facility criteria.” (1993). Technical manual EPA530-R-93-017, PB94-100-450. U.S. Envir. Protection Agency.
42.
Vrymoed, J. L., and Calzascia, E. R. (1978). “Simplified determination of dynamic stresses in earth dams.”Proc., Earthquake Engrg. and Soil Dyn. Conf., ASCE, Reston, Va., 991–1006.
43.
Vucetic, M., and Dobry, R.(1991). “Effect of soil plasticity on cyclic response.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 117(1), 89–107.
44.
Wright, S. G. (1990). UTEXAS3, a computer program for slope stability calculations, Dept. of Civil Engineering of Texas, Austin, Tex.
45.
Yegian, M. K., Yee, Z. Y., and Harb, J. N. (1995). “Seismic response of geosynthetic/soil systems.”Proc., Geoenvironment 2000, ASCE Geotech. Spec. Publ. No. 46, ASCE, Reston, Va., 1113–1125.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 124 • Issue 3 • March 1998
Pages: 242 - 253
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Mar 1, 1998
Published in print: Mar 1998
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.